基于供给生态服务价值的云南土地资源承载力评估方法研究

Methods of land carrying capacity research based on ecological services supply value in Yunnan

以往土地资源承载力的评估方法研究多倾向于综合研究,而关注某种承载力的评估则少有研究。本研究构建的土地资源承载力评估方法仅侧重于土地资源的供给生态服务价值,以卫星遥感影像为基础数据源,进行土地覆盖分类,并参考Costanza的生态系统服务价值计算方法,利用面积加权方法计算特定研究区域内的生态系统服务价值。利用统计年鉴人口数据,结合年食物消费价值总量需求对生态服务价值进行量化,最终建立了基于供给生态服务价值的土地资源承载力评估参数及标准。并以云南省为例进行了土地资源承载力评估,以期扩展和补充土地资源承载力的评估方法。根据研究区特点及研究需要,将土地覆盖/利用类型分为6种类型:农田、林地、草地、湿地、人工表面和未利用地。在收集覆盖云南省全境的2010年Landsat TM遥感影像及研究区地形图数据等的基础上,基于分类软件e Cognition 8.7,应用面向对象的土地利用自动分类方法,得到云南省6大土地覆盖类型的整体分布情况。结果表明,本研究构建的土地资源评估方法能够对生态服务价值进行有效量化,综合考虑土地资源供给服务价值和区域人口食物消费,2010年云南省北部的迪庆、怒江和丽江,以及南部人口稀少地区西双版纳、普洱的土地资源状况较为乐观,而其他地区由于开发历史悠久、人口众多等原因,土地资源供给服务价值量相对人口更显不足。本文所构建的基于供给生态服务价值的土地资源承载力评估方法是对承载力相关评估方法的拓展和有益尝试,可为省域区域土地资源承载力评估及可持续发展规划提供科学依据。

Although the study of land carrying capacity assessment methods has involved a variety of factors in the past decades, few research studies have deeply focused on a particular aspect. Using the supply of ecological service value combined with population needs of ecological service value, a land carrying capacity assessment method was constructed for an effective quantitative test of land carrying capacity. A land cover classification was carried out using satellite remotesensing images as basic data source. Using the Costanza＇s ecosystem service value evaluation method as a reference point（namely the unit area ecological service value coefficient）, the ecological services value of a certain area was calculated.Combined with population need, the ecological services value was quantified. Finally, a method for evaluating the carrying capacity of land resources in Yunnan Province based on the supply value of ecological services was established to make extension and supplement for existing land carrying capacity assessment methods. Based on the analysis of Yunnan Province,it was helpful to improve the existing land resources carrying capacity assessment methods. The remote sensing technology used in this study to acquire land cover and land use data for Yunnan Province was critical for developing more effective methods. Combined with the Costanza＇s theory of ecosystem service value, the supply of ecological service value in Yunnan Province was calculated. Based on the local statistical population data, total food consumption in different regions and cities of Yunnan Province was calculated. Finally, a land carrying capacity assessment parameters and standards based on the supply of ecosystem services was built for Yunnan Province. From the characteristics of the study area and the research goals, land cover/use types in Yunnan Province were divided into 6 classes： farmland, woodland, grassland, wetland, artificial surfaces and unused land. Based on TM Landsat remote sensing image data and the research area（the whole Yunnan Province） for 2010, the object oriented automatic classification method was used to obtain the overall distribution of the 6 land cover types in Yunnan Province on e Cognition 8.7 classification platform. The results showed that given the supply of land resources and regional population food consumption, the situation of land resources in the region was optimistic. This was noted for Diqing, Nujiang and Lijiang in northern Yunnan Province and also those sparsely populated areas in southern Xishuangbanna and Pu＇er. In other areas, however, land supply service was very inadequate relative to the population need. This was due to the long development history, large population, etc. The evaluation method of land carrying capacity constructed based on ecological services supply was a significant improvement over existing ones, with the potential to benefit land resource carrying capacity assessments elsewhere. It had the potential to contribute to the assessment of regional land resources and to lay a solid scientific basis for sustainable development planning.