核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体的研究进展以及在肺部疾病免疫应答中的作用

Progress in the study of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors and the role of its immune response in lung diseases

呼吸道疾病是全世界人群患病的主要死亡原因之一。越来越多的证据指出先天免疫系统的模式识别受体 （ pattern recognition receptors, PRRs），例如核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体 （ nueleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, NLRs）在感染性和非感染性肺疾病中有关键的作用。NLRs是一组检测肺内微生物和损伤的关键感受器，它们在众多肺内急慢性炎症疾病及非炎症疾病的免疫应答中发挥关键的作用，例如肺炎、COPD、ALI／ARDS和哮喘等。大多数已知的NLRs的活化将导致促炎性细胞因子的产生和释放以及诱导细胞的死亡。在组织损伤后许多NLRs蛋白以及其他先天传感器有效地合作对抗入侵的微生物、颗粒和内源性危险信号，从而产生免疫应答。其在免疫应答和诱导活化信号过程中有着重要的影响，并且与疾病的发生极为相关。NLRs蛋白是肺部感染性和无菌炎症性疾病先天免疫反应的关键因素。本文将综述NLRs在肺部感染与非感染性疾病免疫应答的作用。

Diseases of the respiratory tract are among the leading causes of death in the world population. There is increasing evidence that pattern recognition receptors （PRRs）, such as nucleotide_ binding oligomerization domain-like receptors （NLRs）,of the innate immune system play a key role in both infectious and noninfectious lung diseases. NLRs are a group of sensors for different microbes and endotoxins. They are important players in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic asthma, pneumonia,and other infectious and sterile inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Activation of most known NLRs leads to the production and release of pro- inflammatory cytokines, and to the induction of cell death. NLRs and other innate microbial sensors effectively cooperate against invading microbes, particles, and endogenous danger signals, thereby generating an immune response after tissue injury. It has an important influence in the immune response and the process of signal activation, which is related to the occurrence of the disease. NLRs are key factors in innate immune reactions of infectious and sterile inflammatory diseases. NLRs are key factors in innate immune reactions of infectious and sterile inflammatory diseases. We will review the role of NLRs in the immune reactions of infectious and non-infectious pulmonary diseases.