长江三角洲地区制造业集群辨识及空间组织特征

Identification and Description of Manufacturing Clusters:A Case Study of Yangtze River Delta Region

本文基于投入产出表的主成分分析和企业空间分布数据的聚类分析,从产业功能联系和空间联系角度辨识长江三角洲地区主要的制造业集群,并从企业、产业、区域3个维度刻画和比较不同类型制造业集群的空间组织特征。研究表明,长江三角洲地区存在冶金及装备、电子信息、纺织及服装等12个垂直联系紧密的制造业群组,并高度集聚于沿沪宁线、沪杭线、杭甬线的"Z"字形区域。冶金及装备、电子信息和纺织及服装3个制造集群分别呈现轮辐式、卫星式和马歇尔式产业集群组织方式。上海和江苏的制造业集群在集群规模、大型企业占比、外资企业占比等方面,要明显高于浙江的制造业集群。

Industrial vertical linkage and geographical proximity are not only the basic characteristics of industrial clusters, but also the main foundation to identify the clusters. With the applications of principal component analysis based on input-output table and spatial clustering analysis based on firm-level spatial distribution data, this paper quantitatively identified the major manufacturing clusters in the Yangtze River Delta region. Then the paper depicted and compared different spatial organization types of manufacturing clusters from three different scales, including the enterprise, industry and the regional scale. Results showed that： firstly, the Yangtze River Delta has formed 12 vertical close-knit manufacturing groups, such as metallurgy and equipment manufacturing, and information and communication technology manufacturing, which heavily aggregate along the ＂Z＂ shaped area enclosed by Shanghai-Nanjing railway, Shanghai-Hangzhou railway and Hangzhou-Ningbo railway; secondly, the regional manufacturing clusters have presented different organization patterns, which were highly affected by the industrial and regional characteristics; thirdly, the capital-intensive clusters represented by metallurgy and equipment manufacturing, the technology-intensive clusters represented by information and communication technology manufacturing and the labor-intensive clusters represented by textile and garment manufacturing have exhibited different industrial cluster organization patterns, including： the Spoke pattern based on large enterprises, the satellite pattern based on foreign capital enterprises and the Marshall pattern based on small and medium-sized enterprises; fourthly, Shanghai＇ s and Jiangsu＇ s manufacturing clusters were significantly greater than Zhejiang＇ s according to the cluster size and the proportion of large and foreign enterprises. Moreover, an obvious industrial specialization existed between different regional labor-intensive manufacturing clusters, while the industrial structures between the capital-intensive and technology-intensive regional clusters were similar.