内隐情绪调节:一种有效的自我保护

Implicit Emotion Regulation:Protecting the Self Against Escalating Affective States

内隐情绪调节是情绪调节的一种重要形式,它是指个体在没有意识监控和意图的情况下改变了自身情绪反应的品质、强度和持续时间等的一种情绪活动过程。内隐情绪调节的内部机制是自动反向调节,它能让个体的情绪保持平衡状态,具有自我保护作用;其实验研究过程一般分为诱导特定情绪、引发内隐调节过程两个步骤。内隐情绪调节涉及的脑区主要有前扣带回皮层、腹外侧前额叶皮层和腹内侧前额叶皮层。内隐情绪调节的形式包括内隐认知重评和情绪标签等,这些调节方式本身可能受个体差异、情绪体验强度等多种因素的影响。

Implicit emotion regulation is an important form of emotion regulation. It is a process aimed at modifying the quality, intensity, or duration of an emotional response without the need for conscious supervision or explicit intentions. The underlying psychological mechanism of implicit emotion regulation is automatic counter-regulation, which produces balance in affective processing and thus protects the self against escalating affective and motivational states. Experimental studies of counter-regulation typically comprise of two successive steps, which are （1） inducing a particular emotion （positive vs. negative）, （2） establishing an implicit counter-regulation process. Implicit emotion regulation mainly activates the anterior cingulate cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and ventral medial prefrontal cortex. The main forms of implicit emotion regulation are implicit cognitive reappraisal, affect labeling and habitual practice. The efficiency of implicit emotion regulation is also affected by individual differences （e.g., action vs. state orientation, psychopathology）, and by the intensity of emotional experience （automatic counter-regulation is stronger for intense emotions）.