“单独二胎”政策实施后大学生生育观现状调查

Attitude towards childbearing after implementation of newsecond-child policy among college students

目的了解“单独二胎”政策实施后在校大学生生育观现状。方法采用分层随机抽样方法，于2014年4—6月对辽宁省内8所大学1957名学生进行调查，分析大学生生育观现状和各人口学变量的影响。结果选择理想家庭模式方面，选择双子女家庭人数最多，共925人，占47．27％，男女生选择理想家庭模式差异有统计学意义（x2=12．313，P=0．006），男生选择丁克（主动不育）比例（14．64％）高于女生（10．70％），女生选择双子女家庭比例（49．69％）高于男生（42．37％）；理想结婚年龄方面，多选择在25—29岁，共1396人，占71．33％，选择〉30岁结婚男生119人，占18．34％，女生113人，占8．64％，差异有统计学意义（x2=52．24，P=0．000）；选择婚后2～5年生育的人数最多，共996人，占49．36％；生育性别态度方面，50．17％表示生男生女无所谓；养育方面选择由父母带孩子共1070人，占54．67％；生育态度的影响因素中，经济与居住条件（56．21％）、养育孩子费用（38．68％）位于前两位。结论单独二胎政策出台后，双子女家庭成为大学生最为理想的家庭模式，重男轻女思想进一步弱化。

Objective To examine the attitude towards childbearing among college students after the implementation of the new second-child polity（ allowing couples to have a second child if one of the parents is the only child in his or her family）. Methods A self-administrated questionnaire survey was carried out among 1 957 college students selected with stratified random sampling from 8 universities in Liaoning province between April and June 2014. Results Of all respondents ,925 （47.2%） considered a family with two children being an ideal family model. There was a significant difference in the consideration on ideal family model between male and female students （X2 = 12. 313, P = 0. 006 ） ; the male students were more willing to choose double-income no kids （D1NK）family model than the female students （ 14. 64% vs. 10. 70% ） and the female students preferred two children family （ 49. 69% vs. 42. 37% ）. There were 71.3% of the students considering at the age between 25 - 29 years being an ideal time for getting married. The male students showed a significantly higher proportion of having an intension of getting married at the age of more than 30 years compared to the female students（ 18.3% vs. 8.6% ,X2 =52. 244 ,P =0. 000）. About a half（49. 36% ）of the students considered that 2 -5 years after marriage is an appropriate time for giving a birth to a child;more than a half（50. 17% ）of the students did not care about the gender of child and 54. 67% of the students expressed the desire for rearing their child by their parents. Economic and living conditions and child-rearing cost were two top factors influencing childbearing willing among the students. Conclusion Two children family pattern becomes an ideal family model and the attitude of preferring boys to girls attenuates among college students after the implementation of the new second-child polity.