贵阳市社区卫生服务机构GIS空间布局分析

Spatial distribution of community health service institutions in Guiyang city: an analysis with GIS

目的了解贵阳市社区卫生服务机构空间地理分布特征,为贵阳市合理进行区域卫生规划提供参考依据。方法收集贵阳市卫生计生委员会相关信息和政府官方网站数据,采用核密度估计、缓冲区分析、叠加分析与位置选择等空间分析工具对贵阳市社区卫生服务机构设立情况进行统计描述和空间分析。结果贵阳市下辖社区92个,设136个社区卫生服务机构,其中中心58个,站78个。72.78%(99/136)的社区卫生服务机构分布在南明区、云岩区和花溪区;且机构布点主要在云岩区与南明区交界处、花溪区北部与南明区交界处、白云区西南部、乌当区西南部;社区卫生资源主要分布于中心城区云岩区和南明区及城区北部的白云区。8.70%(8/92)的社区未设立社区卫生服务机构,主要在城区边缘地带,社区卫生服务机构整体覆盖率为47.47%;25.74%(35/136)的社区卫生服务机构未在所属社区范围内设点,76.92%(60/78)的社区卫生服务站设点位于社区卫生服务中心服务半径内。结论贵阳市社区卫生服务机构主要在中心城区聚集;社区卫生资源分布存在社区卫生服务机构设立不均衡,差距明显,总体覆盖率较低;机构设立位置偏差等不合理现象。

Objective To explore the spatial distribution characteristics of community health service institutions in Guiyang city and to provide references for reasonable regional health planning. Methods We collected relevant informa- tion from Health and Family Planning Commission and official website of Guiyang municipal government. Kernel density estimation,buffer analysis,overlays analysis,and site selection tools were used in the study. Results Totally 136 community health service institutions （ 58 centers and 78 clinics ） distributed in 92 communities and the overall coverage rate of community health service institution was 47.47% in Guiyang municipality in 2014. Of all the community health service institutions,99 （72. 78 % ） located in 3 districts （ Yunyan, Nanming, and Huaxi ） and there were 4 regions with relative dense distribution of the institutions, e. g. 2 junction areas between Yunyan and Nanming district and between Huaxi and Nanming district and 2 southwest areas of Baiyun and Wudang district. The community health resources mainly distributed in downtown areas（ Yunyan and Nanming district）and north area（ Baiyun district）of the city. There were 8.70% （8/92） of the communities （mainly in urban border areas）without community health service institution. There were 25.74% （35/136）of community health service institutions locating outside of the administrative scope of the community and 76.92% （60/78） of the community health service clinics located within the service radius（ 1 500 meters）of the commu nity health service center. Conclusion The community health service institutions concentrate in the central urban areas of Guiyang municipality and the overall coverage of the institutions is relatively low;in addition, there are unbalanced distribution of community health resource and unreasonable location of community health service institutions in the city.