东北寒区士兵冷伤害调查

Cold damage among soldiers in cold area of northeast China: a cross-sectional survey

目的了解东北寒区士兵冷伤害状况，为对其进行防寒教育和卫生保健工作提供参考依据。方法于2013年1月随机抽取东北3个寒区536名士兵为研究对象进行现场问卷调查。结果东北寒区士兵536人，冷伤害患病率为40．7％（218／536），东北极士兵冷伤害患病率最高，为57．1％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；来自北方和南方的士兵冷伤害患病率分别为50．6％和25．9％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；〈1、1～2及≥3年兵龄的士兵冷伤害患病率分别为33．3％、38．9％和48．9％，〈1年兵龄士兵和≥3年兵龄士兵冷伤害患病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；冬季保持冷水、温水和热水洗脚习惯的士兵冷伤害患病率分别为43．4％、39．1％和60．5％，热水洗脚更容易造成士兵足部冷伤害（P〈0．05）；士兵认为防护不到位导致的冷伤害占41．7％，装备等外部因素导致的冷伤害为23．6％，防护不到位和装备等因素共同所致冷伤害为30．9％，与后两者相比，防护不到位导致的冷伤害比例最高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论东北寒区驻防战士冷伤害情况不容乐观，应引起足够重视，今后应大力开展冷伤害预防教育，提高其自我保护意识。

Objective To examine cold damage among soldiers in extremely cold areas of northeast China for the improvement of cold damage prevention and health care in the soldiers. Methods A field study and questionnaire survey were conducted among 536 soldiers recruited by cluster sampling from three cold regions in northeast China in January 2013. Results The prevalence rate of cold injury was 40. 7% （218/536） and there was a significant difference in the prevalence rate between the soldiers in very cold areas（50. 6% ） and cold areas（25.9% ） （P 〈0. 05）. Significant differences in the prevalence of cold injury were observed among the soldiers with various duration of service, with the prevalence rates of 33.3%, 38.9% and 48.9% for the soldiers with service duration of 1,2, and 3 years （X2 = 8. 749, P 〈 0. 05 ） ;there were also differences in the prevalence rate among the soldiers with different footbath behaviors, with the prevalence rates of 43.4% ,39. 1%, and 60.5% among the soldiers having footbath in cold, warm, and hot water （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Of the soldiers, 41.7 % contributed the inducing factors of cold injury to insufficient protective measures, 23.6% to ineffective protective equipments,30. 9% to both the protective measures and equipments,with a significant difference（x2 = 11. 572, P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion Cold damage is prevalent among garrison soldiers in cold regions of northeast China and education on cold injury prevention should be promoted among the soldiers to decrease the impact of cold injury.