教育投入体制改革后城市教育省际差异收敛性分析——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

Analysis on Provincial Variation in Urban Education and Convergence

区域间教育得以协调发展是实现教育公正与平等原则一个重要体现,而我国省际教育的发展不平衡已成为影响区域和谐发展的重要问题。文章采用"经济收敛"的分析方法进一步研究城市教育省际差距及其收敛的情况。研究结果说明:在2005年实行教育投入体制改革后,从2005到2012年,各省份城市的教育发展水平明显提高,教育公平程度改善;各地区之间的城市教育发展水平差距和教育公平差异也开始缩小。省际教育发展差异受各地区经济的发展状况影响较大;而教育公平的省际差异则主要源于各省份原有教育公平程度,地区间经济发展差异也产生一定程度的影响;通过统计并核算出2005-2012年除港澳台外我国31省份各城市的平均教育年限与教育基尼系数可以看出,教育发展省际差异与教育公平省际差异均不存在明显的σ收敛;教育发展省际差异有β收敛的趋势,而教育公平省际差异没有β收敛的趋势。

Regional coordinated development of education is the reflection on the principles of educational justice and equality embodied. Uncoordinated educational development among provinces has become one of significant issues of regional development. Therefore, after estimating the urban average years of schooling and education Gini coefficients of 31 provinces（municipalities）beside Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan from 2005-2012,in addition this article applies the method of＂Economic Convergence＂to analyze inter-provincial disparities of urban education and the convergence. Research results show that： after the investment system reform of compulsory education,from 2005 to2012,the provinces＇（municipalities＇）education level was significantly higher and education equity has been improved;the variation on educational development and educational equity between provinces（municipalities）has been narrowed;provincial variation education development is mainly rooted in economic differences;education fair is mainly due to the existing inter-provincial differences in educational fairness,regional economic disparities also has greater influences;provincial variation in the educational development and equity are not obviously σ convergence; moreover inter-provincial differences in educational development shows the β convergence trend,while educational equity shows no such convergence trend.