滨州市无偿献血者人类免疫缺陷病毒感染情况调查分析

Investigation and analysis of human immunodeficiency virus infection status of unpaid blood donors in Binzhou City

目的 探讨滨州市无偿献血者人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染情况,了解滨州市无偿献血者HIV感染率发展趋势,并提出相应对策.方法 选择2004年1月至2013年12月于山东滨州市中心血站参加无偿献血的346 424例献血者为研究对象.其中,男性献血者为226 215例,女性为120 209例,年龄为18～55岁,平均为32.5岁.所有献血者均符合《献血者健康检查要求》规定.所有血液的采集均征得献血者知情同意,并在知情同意一栏签字后献血.对献血者血液样品均采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法,进行HIV抗体初检及复检,对初次检测HIV抗体呈阳性者,再取同源血袋血液样品和原试管血液样品进行双孔复检,复检中任何一孔呈阳性反应,则视为HIV抗体呈阳性,其血液样品送山东省疾病预防控制中心做确认实验.进一步对HIV抗体的确认阳性率及确认阳性者职业、文化程度、年龄及性别构成比进行统计学分析.结果 滨州市2004-2013年无偿献血者HIV感染率为6.35/10万,处于低流行趋势,但HIV感染率呈逐年上升趋势.本组无偿献血者中,农民和无业者HIV感染率高于其他职业者;文化程度越低,HIV感染率越高;年龄≤35岁者HIV感染率高于年龄＞35岁者;男性献血者HIV感染率高于女性献血者,本组无偿献血者按照上述不同方法进行分类后,其HIV感染率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 近年来无偿献血者中HIV感染率呈上升趋势.各中心血站应加强对献血者HIV感染筛查,建立献血者HIV筛选电脑屏蔽系统,提高实验室HIV检测水平,普及艾滋病防治知识,这对降低HIV输血感染率和保证输血安全有着非常重要的意义.

Objective To analyze the human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） infection status of unpaid blood donors in Binzhou City Shandong Province,and to discuss the development trend of HIV infection rate of Binzhou City＇s unpaid donors,and thus putting forward corresponding countermeasures.Methods From January 2004 to December 2013,a total of 346 424 unpaid blood donors who donated blood in Binzhou Blood Center were chosen as research objects.Among them,there were 226 215 cases of men blood donors and 120 209 cases of women blood donors.The age was ranged from 18 to 55 years old,and the average age was 32.5 years old.All blood donors met the requirement of the Health Inspection Requirements of Blood Donors.Informed consent was obtained from all blood donors before blood collection,and they all signed in the column of informed consent.In order to guarantee the authenticity of the inspection findings,enzymelinked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） tests were conducted to test blood samples twice.The results were tested and verified again by testing blood in the same test tube and blood in the blood bag if there was one reagent positive reaction in the first test.It was positive if one of two holes showed positive reaction in two-hole experiment,and then the blood samples were sent to Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention for HIV confirmation experiment.HIV positive incidence,patient occupation,educational level,age and gender ratio were analyzed by statistical methods.Results The infection rate of HIV in unpaid blood donors in Binzhou from 2004 to 2013 was 6.35/100 000 which was in low infective trend,but it was in a rising trend year by year.Among all the umpaid blood donors,the infection rate of HIV in peasant and unemployed were much higher than those of other occupations,the lower education level,the higher infection rate of HIV,the infection rate of HIV in unpaid blood donors of ≤ 35 years old was higher than those of 〉 35 years old,and the infection rate of HIV in male blood donors were higher than that of female blood donors,and all the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）.Conclusions The infection rate of HIV in blood donors has shown a gradual increase during the past few years.Therefore,it is significant and important to take measures to reduce infection rate of HIV by blood transfusion and ensure safety of blood transfusion,such as strengthening HIV screening in blood donors,establishing a blood donor HIV screening computer shielding system,raising level of HIV laboratory testing,popularizing AIDS prevention knowledge and so on.