呼伦贝尔草原区土地利用及景观格局变化特征分析

Dynamic change of land use and landscape pattern in Hulunbuir grassland,China

基于2000,2010年的Landsat TM遥感影像解译和Fragstats3.3景观指数软件计算,定量分析了呼伦贝尔草原区10年间的土地利用和景观指数的变化特征:(1)东部森林-草原交错区,以林地、草地转为耕地为主;中部三大沙带分布区,以海拉尔河两岸草地沙化,辉河两岸的沙地向草地逆转为主;(2)草原区各景观斑块向块大量少、形状复杂化方向发展,景观破碎化有所减弱,但景观格局的空间连接性下降。总之,草原区生态环境整体上向好,但局部恶化,草原保护任重道远。

Based on Landsat TM data and Fragstats 3. 3,dynamic changes of land use and landscape pattern from 2000 to 2010 in Hulunbuir Grassland were studied. The main results show that： 1） forestland and grassland were transformed into cropland in the eastern forest- steppe ecotone. Meanwhile,in the middle three sand band zones,grassland along Hailar River bank was transformed to sand,and the sand was transformed to grassland along Huihe River bank; 2） Landscape patches got fewer and larger,of which the shape became more complicated gradually. So landscape fragmentation was decreasing. But spatial connectivity got decreasing. In one word,eco- environment of Hulunbuir Grassland got well in the whole,but it got worse in the local area. There is a long way to go for grassland protection.