飞行人员口腔疾病与相关生活习惯的调查

Survey on flying personnel＇s oral diseases and the related living habits

目的 调查飞行人员口腔卫生状况与习惯,分析其生活习惯与口腔疾病的因果关系,为飞行人员口腔航卫保障提供依据. 方法 通过问卷与口腔检查,调查2011年9月至2013年7月在空军青岛航空医学鉴定训练中心疗养的2 000名飞行人员（均为男性）口腔患病总体情况.比较吸烟与不吸烟飞行人员口腔疾病患病情况及两组飞行人员口腔内牙石、菌斑含量.调查飞行人员刷牙及洁牙习惯. 结果 ①本组飞行人员中有344人口腔健康,1 656人患有至少1种口腔疾病,患病率为82.80％.1 421人（71.05％）患有与生活习惯相关的口腔疾病,如牙龈炎、牙周炎、龋病、楔状缺损及智齿冠周炎.患牙龈炎1 058人（52.90％）,患牙周炎874人（43.70％）,患龋病184人（9.20％）,患楔状缺损174人（8.70％）,患智齿冠周炎13人（0.65％）.②本组飞行人员中有吸烟史者988人（49.40％）;不吸烟者1 012人（50.60％）.③吸烟组飞行人员口腔健康情况低于非吸烟组,牙龈炎、龋病患病率明显高于非吸烟组,牙石、菌斑程度明显高于非吸烟组,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=62.93～473.82,P＜0.01）.④本组飞行人员中仅9.80％的人（196人）能够每年保证洁牙1次,22.00％的人（440人）有牙结石但从未洁治过.53.50％的人（1 070人）每次刷牙时间≤1 min. 结论 多数飞行人员口腔卫生习惯不佳;近50％的人嗜好抽烟,吸烟者刷牙质量不高.虽然每年疗养体检飞行人员能够洁牙和牙体治疗,但吸烟嗜好不戒除会加重烟斑、菌斑和牙石的程度,使口腔疾患不能很好地治愈.需进一步加强飞行人员的口腔卫生宣传教育工作,使其增强口腔健康意识和口腔护理意识,消除对自身健康不利的因素,培养良好口腔卫生习惯.

Objective To investigate flying personnel＇s oral health status and living habits of oral cleaning,to analyze the consequence to oral disease and to suggest the support to flying personnel.Methods Two thousands male flying personnel who recuperated in Qingdao Center of Aeromedical Assessment and Training from September 2011 to July 2013 were investigated on their oral diseases status and asked to complete a questionnaire for getting their living habits,including teeth brushing and cleaning habits.The flying personnel were divided into smoking and non-smoking groups and their oral disease prevalence,dental calculus,and dental plaque content were compared.Results ①There were 344 oral healthy flying personnel,and 1 656 people had at least one kind of oral disease.The prevalence was 82.80%.The people who had the living habits related oral diseases,such as gingivitis and periodontitis,caries disease,wedge-shaped defect and wisdom tooth pericoronitis,were 1 421 （71.05%）.There were 1 058 （52.90%） people with gingivitis,874 （43.70%） with periodontitis,184（9.20%） with cavities,174（8.70%） with wedge shaped defect,and 13（0.65%） with wisdom tooth pericoronitis.②The people of smoking and non-smoking groups were respectively 988 （49.40%） and 1 012（50.60%）.③Flying personnel of smoking group showed worse oral health than non-smoking group.They had significantly higher gingivitis,caries prevalence rate and more serious dental calculus and dental plaque（χ^2 =62.93-473.82,P〈0.01）.④Only 196 people （9.80%） maintained the habit of teeth wash once a year;440 people （22.00%） had calculus dentalis but never treated;1 070 people （53.50%） spent the time of brushing teeth for only 1 min or even less.Conclusions Most of the flying personnel have poor oral hygiene habits.Nearly 50% of them have smoking habit and cursory teeth hrushing.Although the annual health check-up helps flying personnel to clean and treat,but smoking habits would aggravate the degree of plaque,the plaque and tartar,and make oral disease cannot be cured very well.It is suggested to strengthen the oral health propaganda and education work,and let flying personnel set the awareness of oral health and oral care,and give up the unhealthy oral hygiene habits.