走向多元取向的世界主义——以文学为视角反思近百年普遍主义的合法性

Toward the Pluralistic Orientation of Cosmopolitanism

尽管中国并未在第一次世界大战中遭受太大的灾难,但我们仍应对当时风行的普遍主义的合法性进行质疑。当我们谈论普遍主义时,我们立即就会想到同样重要的现代性这个课题,尤其是中国语境下出现的现代性。诚然,现代性代表的是所有世人的良好愿望和巨大利益,但是由于现代性在不同的国家和民族有着不同的条件,因而它也表现为不同的模式。中国的现代性是一种另类的现代性,它一方面对全球现代性的宏大叙事有所贡献,另一方面又解构了所谓的"单一现代性"或"普遍主义"的现代性的神话。世界主义也是这样,尽管它是一个西方的概念,但在中国古代哲学中也有着与之平行的因素。而在当今的全球化时代,我们应该考虑到世界主义的多元发展方向。

Although China did not suffer from huge disasters as those countries involved in the World War One,we should still reflect on or question the legitimacy of universalism prevailing at the time.When we speak of universalism,we immediately think of modernity,another equally important topic,especially the modernity in the Chinese context.No doubt modernity represents the good wish and great interests of mankind,but due to different conditions in different countries,modernity manifests itself in different modes.The paper tries to prove that modernity in China manifests itself as a sort of alternative one,which has on the one hand contributed to the grand narrative of global modernity,but on the other hand,it has also deconstructed the myth of ＂singular modernity＂ or ＂universalist＂ modernity. The same is true of cosmopolitanism.Although cosmopolitanism is chiefly a＂translated＂western concept,there are some parallel elements in ancient Chinese philosophy.In the present era of globalization,we should take into account its pluralistic orientation.