基于时间价值及基尼系数的拥挤收费设计

Traffic Congestion Pricing Design based on Time Values and Gini Coefficient

城市道路交通拥挤日益严重,交通拥挤收费是解决城市道路交通拥挤的手段之一,双层规划模型是研究交通拥挤收费问题的一个有力工具.然而,对时间价值不同的出行者收取拥挤费用将产生社会不公平问题.基尼系数是衡量资源分配是否公平的一个重要指标.以出行费用为公平指标,利用基尼系数改进传统双层模型的上层模型,加入基尼系数函数,构造一个管理者收益尽量大而基尼系数尽量小的目标函数.同时加入控制基尼系数的参数,通过选择适当的参数,可满足不同公平性的要求.算例表明,基于时间价值及基尼系数的拥挤收费设计,达到缓解交通拥挤的目的,且兼顾了管理者收益与交通公平.

Urban road congestion has becoming seriously day by day, and urban road traffic congestion pricing is one of the measures for solving it. Bi-level programming model is highly effective in researching traffic congestion pricing. However, congestion pricing for travelers who are with different time values will lead to inequity of society. Gini coefficient is an important indicator to evaluate the equity of resource allocation. In this paper, taking travel cost as the indicator of equity, the upper model of traditional bi-level programming model was improved by Gini coefficient, and the Gini coefficient function was added to form an objective function which aims at the larger manager proceeds with smaller Gini coefficient. In the meantime, parameters for controlling the Gini coefficient were added. Thus, different requirements of traffic equity can be achieved by selecting appropriate parameters. Shown from the example, traffic congestion is alleviated as expectation and conditions of manager proceeds as well as traffic equity are improved in virtue of traffic congestion charging design based on time values and Gini coefficient.