室外细颗粒物(PM2.5)建筑围护结构穿透及被动控制措施

Penetration of outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) through building envelope and passive control methods

为探究室外细颗粒物(PM2.5)通过围护结构缝隙进入建筑室内的原因及影响因素,并以"源头控制"为思路提出被动控制措施,通过实测手段分析了室内和室外PM2.5的相关性及外窗气密性对室外PM2.5的阻隔作用;在介绍PM2.5围护结构缝隙穿透模型的基础上,分析了室外PM2.5进入室内的影响因素;根据实测和理论分析结果提出了被动控制措施。结果表明:室内外PM2.5浓度具有相关性,气密性好的外窗对室外PM2.5的阻隔作用强;颗粒物穿透围护结构的过程受换气次数影响。因此,对于住宅或无正压保证的建筑,应采取较高气密性外窗、保证外窗密封胶条产品质量和安装质量、加强墙体预留孔口的密封以及定期维护等被动式控制措施,以减少室外PM2.5向室内的穿透。

In order to explore the causes and influencing factors of the outdoor fine particulate matter （PM2.5） entering indoor environment through the cracks of building envelope, as well as to propose passi.ve control methods based on the conception of source control, analyses the relationship between indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and the barrier effect of external window air tightness on outdoor PM2.5 by the approach of actual measurement. Based on the model of outdoor PM2.5 penetration through building envelope cracks, analyses the influencing factors of PM2.5 penetration. Puts forward some passive control methods based on the results of actual measurement and theoretical analysis. The results show that indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations are relevant and the windows with better air tightness have a stronger barrier effect on preventing outdoor PM2.5, and that the penetration of outdoor PM2.5 through building envelope is influenced by air change rates. Therefore, for residential buildings and the buildings without continuous positive pressure protection, some passive control methods should be taken to reduce the penetration of outdoor PM2. 5 into indoor environment, including choosing windows with better air tightness, ensuring the product quality and the installation quality of sealing strips of external windows, enhancing the sealing of reserved holes in building walls and maintaining periodically.