1990-2010年中国人群伤害死亡率变化分析

Injury mortality in China, from 1990 to 2010

目的 分析1990-2010年中国人群伤害死亡率的变化,为制订相关卫生政策和评价干预效果提供参考.方法 利用全球疾病负担2010课题组估算的中国伤害数据,采用线性回归模型分析1990-2010年中国不同人群伤害死亡率变化.结果 1990-2010年中国人群伤害死亡率总体呈下降趋势,下降幅度女性高于男性,0～4岁高于其他年龄段.2010年中国有79.6万人因伤害致死,年龄标准化死亡率为57/10万,其中各年龄段男性伤害死亡率均高于女性,≥70岁年龄段高于其他年龄段.在此期间,除道路交通伤害致死率显著上升外,其他类型伤害均有所下降.2010年伤害占中国总死亡人数的9.6％,超过传染性疾病、孕产妇、围产儿和营养性疾病的死亡数,伤害的主要类型是道路交通伤害、自我伤害、溺水和跌倒.同期,中国人群因主要危险因素所致的伤害死亡率也呈下降趋势,2010年伤害的前三位危险因素分别为职业性危险因素、酒精饮用和低骨密度（骨质疏松）.结论 1990-2010年中国人群伤害死亡率总体下降,但伤害仍是中国重要的公共卫生问题之一.

Objective To analyze the changing pattern of injury mortality from 1990 to 2010 in China.Methods Data related to injury mortality between 1990 and 2010 from the estimates of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 were analyzed by sex,age,causes and risk factors,under the linear regression model.Results The rates on mortality of injuries showed a significant decline between 1990 and 2010,especially in women and in children aged 0-4 years.In 2010,there were around 796 thousand people died from all kinds of injuries,with an age-standardized mortality as 57/100 000 population.Rates on injury mortality were higher in men and in people aged 70 years or over,than in women or in younger age groups.In contrast to the substantial increase on mortality rate caused by road injury,all the other causes induced mortalities showed distinct decrease.In 2010,injuries accounted for 9.6 percent of the total number of deaths in China,which exceeded the number of deaths caused by communicable,maternal,neonatal diseases or nutritional disorders.The leading causes of injury mortality were road traffic injury,self-hurt,drowning and falls in 2010.In addition,major risk factors that causing injury mortality reduced during the study period,and the top three risk factors showed as occupational-related,alcohol use,and low bone mineral density （osteoporosis）.Conclusion Despite the fact that rates on injury-related mortality were decreasing,injury remained a critical public health problem in China.