《牟子理惑论》:儒释道三教辨通思路的初建

Mouzilihuolun:Preliminary Construction of the Concept of the Integrated Three Religions

本文对现存中国佛教史上的第一篇佛教著述《牟子理惑论》进行研究,全面分析了该论所展示的佛教在初传中国时与礼教、儒家、道家、道教在孝道、服制、夷夏观、生死观、鬼神观、性情观等诸多观念的对立,发现《牟子》在试图解决这些对立时构建了一个儒释道三教辨通的基本思路,即将以"自苦解脱"为根本目的的佛教描述为以发现及实践"道"之真理为根本目的的佛教,礼教、道家、儒家与佛教在"道"这一最高的抽象原则上获得统一,而以道观之,佛教对本土思想、制度等的一切反动均具有了合法性。本文进而提出,东汉末年牟子儒释道三教关系的辨通思想实为后世学者构筑三教一致理念提供了最初的基本轨范,是中国佛教史儒释道三教辨通思路的初建。

Based on the research of the existing first Buddhist literature Mouzilihuolun,the writer found that when Buddhism first spread to China,there were conflicts between the concepts of Buddhism and Ritualism,Confucianism,Taoism in terms of filial piety,apparel system,views of minorities and the Han nationality,views of Life and Death,views of ghosts and gods,views of emotions,etc..The writer also found Mou-ztu constructed an integrated foundational thinking among Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism when he was attempting to solve the conflicts:Buddhism with the foundational objective of asceticism and extrication was described to Buddhism with the foundational objective of discovering and practicing'Tao',in order to achieve the unification between Buddhism and Ritualism,Taoism and Confucianism on the most abstract principle'Tao'.Based on the concept of'Tao',Buddhism possessed legality for all the reaction of local mind and regime.The writer then put forward that Mou-ztu's concept of integrated three religions from the late Eastern Han Dynasty provided the initial and foundational ruts for the later scholars constructing three religions' unification concept of Mou-ztu's is the preliminary construction of the concept the integrated three religions.