韭蛆人工饲料配方筛选及饲养效果比较

Screening and evaluation of the artificial diets of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang( Diptera: Sciaridae)

【目的】研究实验室条件下韭蛆Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang大量饲养的方法以解决试虫不足的问题。【方法】本实验在25℃,相对湿度75%,光周期16L∶8D条件下,通过控制变量法筛选出人工饲料配方,运用两性生命表软件,分析比较人工饲料与韭菜Allium tuberosum的饲喂效果。【结果】对不同成分和不同含量的8种韭蛆人工饲料配方筛选,结果确定最优的人工饲料配方成分和含量为:平菇粉6 g,韭菜粉5 g,琼脂粉1.25 g,山梨酸0.04 g,苯甲酸0.05 g,酵母粉0.5 g,维生素C 2.5 g和水50 m L。该配方和韭菜饲养效果相当,不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。同时,两性生命表结果表明,人工饲料饲喂的韭蛆平均世代周期23.6800 d,韭菜饲喂的韭蛆世代周期为25.9000 d,两者之间差异显著(P<0.05)。生殖生物学特性分析发现:韭菜和人工饲料饲喂的韭蛆雌成虫净生殖率分别为16.3200和41.1800/d,内禀增长率分别为0.1078和0.1570/d。【结论】筛选的人工饲料和韭菜均可以稳定地完成韭蛆的世代繁殖,且人工饲料饲喂效果略优于韭菜,另外人工饲料较韭菜不但具有低成本省人工的优点,而且可解决韭菜反季节供应和农药残留问题,保证稳定的虫源供给。

[Aim]In order to solve the test sample shortage of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang in the laboratory,we researched the artificial massive rearing technology. [Methods]By the controlled variable method,we screened the formulae of artificial diet. By the two-sex life table method,we compared the rearing effect between the artificial diet and the natural diet,Chinese chives（ Allium tuberosum）,under the conditions of temperature 25℃,a photoperiod of 16 L ∶ 8D and the relative humidity of 75%.[Results]We screened eight formulae and obtained the optimum ingredients and their proportions of artificial diets to B. odoriphaga： mushroom powder 6 g,Chinese chive powder 5 g,agar powder 1. 25 g,sorbic acid 0. 04 g,benzoate 0. 05 g,yeast powder 0. 5 g,vitamin C 2. 5 g,and water 50 m L. This formula had similar rearing effects to Chinese chive（ P 0. 05）. Furthermore,we compared the feeding effects of the artificial diet with the natural diet（ Chinese chive） in the laboratory. The results showed that the mean generation time（ T） of B. odoriphaga fed on the artificial diet was 23. 6800 d,while that fed on Chinese chive was 25. 9000 d,with significant difference between both（ P 0. 05）. The intrinsic rates of increase（ rm） of B. odoriphaga fed on Chinese chive and the artificial diet were 16. 3200 and41. 1800 / d,and the net reproduction rates（ R_0） of B. odoriphaga fed on Chinese chive and the artificial diet were 0. 1078 and 0. 1570 / d,respectively. [Conclusion]Both artificial diet and Chinese chive can be used to rear B. odoriphaga,and the artificial diet is slightly better than Chinese chive. Moreover,the artificial diet is more economical and with low pesticide residue.