生物炭对植烟土壤微生态和烤烟生理的影响

Effects of biochar on the micro-ecology of tobacco-planting soil and physiology of flue-cured tobacco

生物炭是农林废弃物资源化利用的研究热点之一.通过田间试验,研究了烟杆炭不同施用量(0、1、10、50 t·hm^(-2))对植烟土壤微生态和烤烟生理特性的影响.结果表明:烤烟备时期土壤含水量均随生物炭用量增加而增加;在烤烟旺长阶段,50 t·hm^(-2)处理的土壤含水量显著高于其他处理.随着生物炭用量的增加,土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度逐渐增加,细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量表现为先增后减的趋势,其中生物炭用量10 t·hm^(-2)处理下数值最大.土壤早期呼吸速率随生物炭用量的增加而增大,与对照相比,生物炭处理土壤呼吸速率增幅为7.9%~36.9%,生物炭高用量(50和10 t·hm^(-2))与对照差异显著.生物炭提升了烤烟叶片水势增加了叶片类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量,显著增加了根系、地上部和总干质量.说明生物炭在改良植烟土壤微生态和调控烤烟生理特性等方面具有积极效应.

Biochar is one of the research hotspots in the field of the agroforestry waste utilization.A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different amounts of tobacco stem biochar（0,1,10,50 t·hm^-2） on soil micro-ecology and physiological properties of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that soil water content（SWC） increased at all tobacco growth stages as the amounts of biochar applications increased.There were significant differences of SWC between the treatment of 50 t·hm^-2 and other treatments at the period of tobacco vigorous growth.As the application of biochar increased,the total soil porosity and capillary porosity increased,while soil bacteria,actinomyces,fungi amount increased firstly and then decreased.The amount of soil bacteria,actinomyces,fungi reached the maximum at the treatment of 10 t·hm^-2.Soil respiration rate（SRR） at earlier stage increased with the increase of biochar application.Compared with the control,SSR under biochar treatments increased by 7.9%-36.9%,and there were significant differences of SRR between high biochar application treatments（50 t·hm^-2 and 10 t·hm^-2） and the control.Biochar improved leaf water potential,carotenoid and chlorophyll contents.Meanwhile,the dry mass of root,shoot and total dry mass under biochar application were higher than that of the control.These results indicated that the biochar played active roles in improving tobacco-planting soil micro-ecology and regulating physiological properties of flue-cured tobacco.