老年衰弱人群的膳食结构与体重指数分析

A Survey on Dietary Behaviors and Body Mass Index in Frailty Elders

目的:通过对老年人衰弱、膳食、体格状况的调查,评价老年衰弱人群的营养状况,为进一步改善衰弱老年人营养状况提供依据。方法:选取205例60岁以上农村留守老人进行现况调查。衰弱采用Tilburg衰弱调查量表;膳食结构的调查采用食物频率表,评价采用中国膳食平衡指数(diet balance index,DBI);体格状况的评价采用体重指数法。结果:205例老人中存在老年衰弱现象的有171例(83.4%)。衰弱人群的膳食结构合理性综合评价差的有56.1%,非衰弱人群有5.9%,差异有统计学意义。其中主要是奶制品、水果、蔬菜、水产品的摄入不足,谷类消费比较合理。衰弱人群肥胖、超重、过轻的比例超过非衰弱人群,正常的比例低于非衰弱人群,差异均有统计学意义;调查人群中自感身体状况一般的比例最高,为29.8%,身体状况好的比例次之,为26.8%,两者合计为56.6%,其中衰弱人群感觉很好的比例低于非衰弱人群,差异均有统计学意义;而感觉好和一般的人群比例与非衰弱人群相差不大。结论:衰弱老年人明显存在营养问题,膳食结构合理性欠佳。

Objective： To evaluate the nutritional status of frailty elders through frailty,dietary interview and physical examination,so as to provide scientific bases to improve their nutritional status. Methods： A total of 60 elders aged more than 60 years was enrolled. A cross sectional epidemiological study was used. The questionnaire was designed through literates reading,expels assessing and pre-investigation. The frailty were interviewed using Tilburg Frailty indicator. The diet of elders were interviewed using food frequency questionnaires. The rank comprehensive evaluation and Chinese Diet Balance Index（ DBI） were selected to evaluate their dietary patterns. Body mass index（ BMI） was selected to evaluate physical status of elders. Results： There were 171 cases of the elderly existing frailty,accounting for 83. 4%,frailty crowd dietary structure rationality of comprehensive evaluation of 56. 1%,the weak population by 5. 9%,and there was significant differences. Unhealthy,including consuming not enough dairy,fresh fruit and fish.Grain consumption was comparatively reasonable in frailty elders. Weak population and a weak comparison showed that the percentage of the obese and overweight was more than the weak weak crowd,the percentage of normal was less than weak crowd. Has the highest percentage of self-induction survey in the general health was 29. 8%,the ratio of good times was 26. 8%,the total was close to56. 6%,far lower than the percentage of weak people feel good weak people,and feel good and general population proportion and the frailty people. Conclusion： Frailty elderls have nutrition problems,poor dietary structure rationality.