我国银行业公司治理、经营效率与企业内部控制

The Relationship Between Corporate Governance,Operation Efficiency and Enterprise Internal Control

本文分析了我国银行业2004—2013年期间公司治理、经营效率和企业内部控制实施之间的关系,实证结果发现:董事会规模、审计委员会的独立性、独立董事比例、企业内部控制实施、企业规模、公司高管薪酬与银行经营效率呈正相关关系,而董事会成员任期、前三大股东持股比例、董事会成员持股数量、公司前十大股东之间的关联性与银行经营效率呈负相关关系,且均通过了显著性检验,外部审计依赖性与内部控制实施呈相互替代关系。

Corporate governance is the core of modern enterprise system,but the role of corporate governance mechanisms in the theoretical circle has been considerably controversial.As the body of the financial system,the performance of commercial banks not only affects directly the operation efficiency of the entire system,but also has significant impacts on the effectiveness of economic operation and the allocation efficiency of resources.Internal control can be implemented by corporate governance;however,we need also discuss whether it has positive impacts on the operation efficiency of banking.The current research uses mainly profit indicators or Tobin＇ s Q as alternative variables to measure corporate performance.These indicators are short-term,and can be influenced by objective economic factors and company executive factors to a large degree,so there is a lot of uncertainty.This paper uses the operating efficiency indicators instead of performance indicators,employs initially internal control factors as influencing factors,and adds some other factors such as the audit committee independence,external audit dependence and the relevance of top 10 major shareholders.Then,the paper analyses the relations among corporate governance,operational efficiency and internal control from 2004 to 2013 of Chinese banking.The result shows that the size of the board,the independence of the audit committee,the proportion of independent directors,internal control implementation,enterprise scale,the company executive pay are positively correlated with the operation efficiency of bank,but the board members tenure,the top three shareholders equity ratio,the number of shares of board members,the relevance of top 10 shareholders are negatively with the operation efficiency of bank.The larger board size will shorten the average tenure of board members and lead to more real and effective annual report and audit report,showing a negative correlation between board size and audit dependence.The increase of external audit dependence will weaken operating efficiency.Internal control implementation will reduce dependence on external audit to some extent,both are alternative.These factors have different influence on different nature of banks.The increase of board members from jointstock commercial banks and city commercial banks can enhance operation efficiency better than that of state-owned commercial banks;the independence of the audit committee from state-owned commercial banks plays a more important role;independent directors play more important role in enhancing operation efficiency;the dependence of joint-stock commercial banks on external audit is weaker than the state-owned commercial banks;the effect of the internal control from state-owned commercial banks are more obvious;the no-relevance of top 10 shareholders from joint-stock commercial banks to enhance the operation efficiency is superior to the state-owned commercial banks.Therefore,in terms of enhancing operation efficiency of domestic banking,there are following several solutions.Firstly,we can expand the board size appropriately,shorten the board members tenure moderately,reduce ownership concentration,especially for joint-stock commercial banks;increase moderately the size of independent directors to strengthen oversight and recommendations of the external independent directors,especially for stateowned commercial banks.Secondly,the introduction and implementation of internal controls are able to recognize clearly the potential risk in the process of operation,and can draw risk maps and formulate corresponding measures to improve risk prevention direction and prospect,so the internal control should be used as long-term risk prevention tool of banks.