名词词义描写和研究需要什么样的语义学知识?

What Kind of Semantic Knowledge is Neccessary for the Semantic Description and Research of Nouns?

该文主要讨论名词的词义描写和研究问题。首先通过对几种主要的词汇语义学理论(包括结构主义语义学、生成主义语义学、概念语义学和自然语义元语言理论)进行介绍和评述,指出它们在对名词进行语义刻画方面存在缺陷和不足;然后,重点引入生成词库理论的物性结构的描写方式,阐明它与前几种理论的区别及其自身的特点;最后,在生成词库理论的基础上,展示物性结构知识在有关名词分析中的四个研究案例(词语缺省、隐喻义生成、供用句、中动句)和在自然语言处理中的可能应用。

This paper mainly discussed the semantic description and the research of nouns. Firstly, several main lexical semantics theories （include structuralism semantics, generative semantics, conceptual semantics and natural se- mantic metalanguage） were introduced and reviewed, and their defects and deficiencies for semantic description were also discussed. Then, the qualia structure in generative lexicon theory was introduced, and its differences with the theories mentioned above and its features were illustrated. Finally, based on the generative lexicon theory, four ex- amples of analysis on nouns using qualia structure （include word default, metaphor meaning generation, affordance sentence, middle construction） were exhibited and its possible application in natural language processing was shown.