2011-2013年广西农村家庭环境卫生监测结果分析

Monitoring results of household sanitation in Guangxi rural areas,2011-2013

目的了解广西农村家庭环境卫生状况,为政府和相关部门制定农村家庭环境卫生的改善措施提供科学依据。方法于2011-2013年连续每年在全区范围内按比例分层随机抽取29个县、580个行政村、2 900户农村家庭为调查对象,采用统一的调查表,通过访谈、现场观察等方法收集调查数据。结果 2011-2013年广西农村家庭饮水类型以自来水为主占53.11%;家庭饮水习惯以喝开水为主占67.48%,家庭饮生水率7.86%;43.57%的家庭房子周围有固定的丢弃点,37.78%的家庭有垃圾箱/池,18.64%的家庭随意丢弃垃圾;污水排放方式主要以明沟为主占43.39%,排放地点以坑塘为主占33.90%;卫生厕所普及率为86.37%;38.58%的农村家庭厨房内蟑螂孳生;55.51%的农户家庭厨房内有鼠迹,56.20%的农户家庭厨房内有苍蝇。结论广西农村自来水及农村卫生厕所普及率均有较大改善,且呈现逐年升高的趋势;农村家庭生活垃圾和污水缺乏无害化处理;农村家庭厨房卫生状况不佳。广西农村家庭环境卫生状况仍需进一步改善。

Objective To investigate the status of household sanitation in Guangxi rural areas so as to provide a scientific basisfor the government and relevant departments to formulate the rural household sanitation improvement measures. MethodsDuring the period of 2011 - 2013, 2,900 rural households were selected from 580 administrative villages of 29 counties through-out Guangxi each year by using stratified random sampling method, and the data were obtained by interviews and on - the - spotobservation with uniform questionnaires. Results During 2011 - 2013, the main type of drinking water in Guangxi ruralhouseholds was tap water （53.11% ）. 67.48 % of the families drank boiled water and 7.86 % drank un- boiled water. 43.570,6had fixed garbage discarding places around the houses, 37.78% had a trash bin/txol and 18.64% disposed the garbage careless-ly. The main mode of waste water discharge was open trench （43.39%）, and the main site of waste water discharge was pit andpond（33.90% ）. The coverage rate of sanitary toilet was 86.37%. Cockroaches bred in 38.58% of the rural family kitchens andmouse traces and flies were found in 55.51% and 56.20 % of the kitchens. Conclusions The coverage rates of tap water andrural sanitary toilet are improved substantially in Guangxi rural areas, with increasing tendencies year by year. The domesticgarbage and sewage in the rural families are devoid of harmless disposal and the sanitary condition of rural family kitchens is worri-some, which suggest that the household sanitation in Guangxi rural areas should be further improved.