汉代诏令的文学特征

The Characteristics of the Imperial Literature in Han Dynasty

诏令属于实用性文体,在国家制度规定下,其往往具有固定的规制、格式;与诗歌、辞赋等相比,这类实用性文体的文学性并不明显。然而,在《文心雕龙》《昭明文选》《文章缘起》《古今文综》等文论、文集著作中,诏令却通常占有一席之地。这些著作在说明诏令各体功能、梳理诏令源流的同时,还往往将汉代诏令作为其中的典范加以推崇。很明显,这种优待凸显的是诏令文体自身本应具有的文学特征,而汉代诏令无疑为其树立了一个鲜明的标的。

Imperial edict belongs to the practical style which often has a fixed format and regulation in the sys- tem of a country. Compared with the styles of poetry and Fu,literature of this kind of practical style is not distinct. But imperial edict usually occupies a place in the literary- theory and collection of writings such as ＂Wen Xin Diao Long＂, ＂Zhaoming Selected Works＂, ＂The Origin oft he Essay＂ and ＂A Collection of Ancient and modern Litera- ture＂. These works often regard the imperial edict in the Han Dynasty as a model when they illustrate the function and origin of the style. Obviously ,this preferential treatment highlights the characteristics of the style itself, and the imperial edict in the Han Dynasty undoubtedly sets a distinctive sign.