大蒜素在氨水诱导的小鼠实验性咳嗽中的镇咳作用及机制

Antitussive Effect and Mechanism of Allicin on Experimental Cough Induced by Ammonia in Mice

【目的】探讨大蒜素对小鼠的镇咳作用及其中枢和外周机制。【方法】玉米油溶解大蒜素后将其配成高(1%)、中(0.5%)、低(0.25%)三种浓度,将小鼠分成单纯引咳组、玉米油溶剂对照组、大蒜素低、中、高剂量组和氢溴酸右美沙芬糖浆组。对各组小鼠灌胃给药(4 m L/kg)后,以经典的浓氨水引咳并观察各组的镇咳作用。实验结束后取各组小鼠气管进行病理组织学检查,并用ELISA法测脑组织匀浆中5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量及外周血清中白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平。【结果】大蒜素低、中、高剂量组的镇咳作用与玉米油溶剂对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。其在中枢脑组织可促进5-HT的产生,在外周可保护局部气管黏膜,减少充血,同时增加血清抑炎因子IL-10的释放。【结论】大蒜素具有显著的镇咳作用,其镇咳机制可能与增加中枢5-HT的生成有关,而其在外周作用则主要是抗炎、减少外周气管局部黏膜充血,保护气管黏膜上皮细胞,促进其功能的正常化。

【Objective】 To explore the antitussive effects, the central and peripheral mechanism of allicin in mice. 【Methods】Allicin was dissolved into high（1%）, middle（0.5%） and low（0.25%） concentration with corn oil, and mice were divided into cough alone group, corn oil solvent control group, allicin treatment groups of low, middle, high doses and Pertussin Syrup group.After intragastric administration of these solutions（4 m L / kg）, the antitussive effect was observed in each group with cough induced by ammonia classically. At the end of the experiment, the trachea tissues were collected and HE staining was performed to observe histopathological changes in each group, and the contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT） in the brain tissue homogenates and the levels of interleukin-10（IL-10） in serum were measured by ELISA method. 【Results】 The results showed that allicin treatment groups of low, middle, high doses had significant antitussive effects than corn oil solvent control group（P〈0.01）. Allicin not only increased the production of 5-HT in brain tissue, but also reduced congestion in the tracheae, protected the mucosae and increased the release of IL-10 in serum. 【Conclusion】 Allicin had significant antitussive effect, and its mechanism might be related to increasing the production of 5-HT in the central. Furthermore, allicin inhibited inflammation, reduced congestion of the trachea, increased protection of the tracheal mucos as well as promoted the normalization of its function peripherally.