晋惠帝司马衷为中心的文学活动钩沉

Literary Activities Centered with Sima Zhong as Emperor Hui of Jin

从刘勰《文心雕龙·时序》到相关的文学史叙述,传统的看法基于宏观层面认为西晋统治者大都与文学不相涉,但前贤时修从微观的文学现象着眼,发掘出西晋皇室组织的诸多文学活动。通过对时下文人现存诗文作品作时的考辨,钩沉出晋惠帝司马衷亦曾有诏令文人赋诗作颂的文学活动。司马衷为中心的文学活动主要分为作太子时和称帝后两个大的阶段,有宴会诏令赋诗、祖道诏令赋诗、平日诏令赋诗作颂三种类型。司马衷为中心的文学活动也反映了西晋皇室文学活动的共性,即皇室成员本身不参与理论垂范与文学创作。另外,西晋皇室的文学活动往往依托上巳节等传统节日举行,此在司马衷为中心的文学活动中亦有映现。

It is traditionally thought that rulers in the Western Jin dynasty are hardly related to literature; but it has been discovered that Sima Zhong who is the Emperor Hui of Jin dynasty had commanded literati to create literary works. The literary works related to Sima Zhong can be divided into three types that are created for entertainment,for send- off and created in ordinary days. Generally,the Royals do not take part in the literary theory discussion and creation. Besides,the literary activities organized by Western Jin Dynasty Royal are often held on some conventional festivals.