不同能量加载条件下核材料放射性气溶胶特征分析

Analysis on characteristics of nuclear material radioactive aerosol under different energy load conditions

通过开展一系列不同爆炸能量加载条件下的核材料爆炸转化实验,结合放射性分析和化学分析等方法,得到爆炸后放射性气溶胶转化份额和粒径分布等重要信息。实验结果 表明,爆炸产生的气溶胶粒子以中小粒径为主且粒度分布范围较广,其放射中位空气动力学直径主要集中在3.5～7.0μm之间,几何标准差介于3～4μm之间;炸药爆炸能量对核材料的气溶胶产生份额有着十分重要的影响,爆炸能量越大,对应气溶胶转化份额也越高。该项研究成果可为开展重大核材料爆炸事故场景下的放射性污染分布和人员受辐照危害评估提供重要的技术依据。

A series of nuclear material explosion experiments were carried out under different energy load, the radioactive and chemical analysis methods were used, so the radioactive aerosols conversion rate and particle distribution were obtained. The results proved that blast aerosol particle size was small and the range was very wide, and its AMAD was mainly between 3.5 and 7μm, and the geometric deviation was between 3 and 4μm. Explosive energy played an important influence to aerosol yield. The bigger the energy was, the higher corresponding transformed aerosols share was. The study results can be used as the important technical basis for the hazard assessment of pollution distribution and personnel exposure under major nuclear explosion.