基于SWOT分析的滇池面山秸秆利用现状及其削减面源污染的综合效益研究

The Study of the Current Situation of Straw and Comprehensive Benefits on Non-point Sources Pollution in Dianchi Lake Watershed Mountain Based on SWOT Analysis

在大板桥街道曹家冲村进行田间小区实验,选择桃/大豆套作模式,进行36 kg/60 m2和54 kg/60 m2秸秆覆盖处理,同时对当地村民进行秸秆利用问卷调查。结果表明:(1)36 kg/60 m^2和54 kg/60 m^2秸秆覆盖处理分别削减氨氮、硝态氮、总氮、总磷42%~65%和54%~74%;(2)36 kg/60 m^2和54 kg/60 m^2秸秆覆盖处理分别提高土壤中碱解氮、速效磷和阳离子交换量3%~46%和23%~125%;(3)36 kg/60 m^2秸秆覆盖处理使桃和大豆分别增产65.10%和65.95%;54 kg/60 m^2秸秆覆盖处理使桃和大豆分别增产162.48%和76.70%;(4)流域内村民种植玉米和蔬菜占到了40%~60%,而对秸秆资源化利用的了解却不到20%。总之,秸秆覆盖既能提高土壤肥力,减少氮、磷流失,又能提高农作物产量,增加农民收入,实现经济效益和生态效益的统一。

Field plot experiments were conducted to plant peach trees/soybean intercropping system in Ca- ojiachong village, Kunming, Yunnan Province. The soil surface of peach/soybean interplanting system were treated with 36 kg/60 m2 and 54 kg/60 m2 straw mulching and questionnaires were investigated to villagers. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） The reduction rate of NH3- N, NO3- - N, TN, TP in 36 kg/60 m2 and 54 kg/60 m2 straw mulching were 42% -65% and 54% -74% ; （2） The increasing rate of soluble nitro- gen, soluble phosphorus and cation exchange capacity of soil in 36 kg/60 m2 and 54 kg/60 m2 straw mulc- hing were 3% -46% and 23% -125% ; （3） Yields of peach and soybean in 36 kg/60 m2 straw mulching increased by 65. 10% and 65. 95%, respectively. The yields of peach and soybean increased by 162. 48% and 76. 70% in 54 kg/60 m2 straw mulching, respectively; （4） Areas percentage of Planting maize and vegetables were 40% -60%, but villagers who understand about the utilization of straw mulch were less than 20%. In conclusion, not only straw mulching could improve soil fertility and effectively reduce the los- ses of total nitrogen and phosphorus, but also it could significantly increase the yield of crops and farmers＇ income, and achieve the economic benefits and ecological benefits.