热力学第二定律与方向性判据

Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Criterion for the Possible Process

物理化学是一门学习难度较大的基础课程。由于目前的物理化学教材对自发过程和热力学的一些概念存在理解不同,更加增加了这门课程的教学和学习的难度。本文针对物理化学教材和课程教学中出现的一些问题,对热力学第二定律、可逆过程、方向性判据和热寂论等概念分别进行了讨论,同时尝试提出自发过程的数学定义,以解决现仅有语言定义的不足。

Physical chemistry is a basic course which is difficult to learn and understand. The different interpretations about the spontaneous process and some concepts of thermodynamics in present physical chemistry textbooks led to that the course teaching became more difficult. Based on the problems occurred in the course teaching and physical chemistry textbooks,some concepts about second law of thermodynamics,reversible process,the criterion for the possible process and heat death theory were discussed specifically. The mathematical expression of the definition on the spontaneous process was also suggested to avoid the shortage of the linguistic expression.