汽车铸造厂车间PCDD/Fs污染及车间工人呼吸暴露评估

Air pollution and occupational inhalation exposure of PCDD/Fs in an automobile foundry

通过对我国某汽车铸造厂车间及周边环境中细颗粒物及气相中PCDD/Fs进行采样及分析,初步评估该汽车铸造车间内二噁的污染水平,污染特征及车间工作人员的呼吸暴露量.结果表明,(1)该汽车厂车间内二噁平均质量浓度为4.18pg/m^3,分别是背景区和居民区的22倍和5倍,其中落砂区浓度最高;(2)车间内二噁毒性当量浓度平均值为0.282pg I-TEQ/m^3,其中镉化区平均水平最高,为0.480pg I-TEQ/m^3,但均低于日本环境空气推荐质量标准(0.6pg I-TEQ/m^3);(3)车间内不同区域不同劳动强度的个体二噁呼吸暴露量为0.02~0.25pg I-TEQ/(kg·d),镉化区工作人员承担最高的二噁暴露风险.

To investigate the air pollution level,characteristics and occupational inhalation exposure of PCDD/Fs in an automobile foundry,fine particles and gas phase of air in workshops,nearby residential areas and remote background area were collected and analyzed.The results showed that（1） the mean concentration of PCDD/Fs in the workshop was4.18pg/m^3,which was 21 times higher than background area and 4times higher than residential areas,and the shakeout zone showed the highest level;（2） for I-TEQ concentration,the mean value of the workshops was 0.282 pg I-TEQ/m^3and the highest value was found in the cadmium mineralization zone（0.480 pg I-TEQ/m^3）,fortunately,all the results were below the annual air quality control limit of Japan（0.6pg I-TEQ/m3）;（3） estimated occupational inhalation exposure dose to PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.02-0.25 pg I-TEQ/（kg·d） in the different workshops,and the workers in the cadmium mineralization zone were bearing the highest PCDD/Fs exposure risk in the factory.