膳食Cd摄入对土壤筛选值确定的影响

Implication of dietary Cadmium intake on deriving soil screening values

收集了2000~2014年发表的关于国内不同膳食中Cd浓度研究文献,统计出不同区域各种主要膳食中Cd含量,结合2002年开展的膳食总调查结果,计算了不同地区居民膳食Cd暴露量,推导了考虑膳食Cd暴露情景下土壤中Cd的健康风险评估筛选值结果显示,我国居民膳食Cd摄入量低于FAO/WHO（联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织）于2010年颁布的允许Cd摄入量0.833μg/（kg体重·d）.其中,全国范围内居民膳食Cd摄入量的平均值为0.444wg/（kg体重·d）,高于北方[0.240μg/（kg体重·d）]、北京[0.160μg/（kg体重·d）]和上海[0.408μg/（kg体重·d）]地区的平均值,低于南方地区的平均值[0.518μg/（kg体重·d）].全国、北方及南方地区对Cd摄入量贡献最大的膳食主要为蔬菜、米及其制品、面及其制品、水产和肉类;北京地区对Cd摄入贡献较大的膳食依次为蔬菜、面及其制品、水果、米及其制品和水产;上海地区对Cd摄入贡献较大的膳食依次为蔬菜、水产、米及其制品、肉类考虑膳食Cd摄入后推导的工商业用地情形下的筛选值低于不考虑膳食Cd摄入情形下的推导值（829mg/kg）,其中,全国范围、北方、南方、北京和上海地区的筛选值分别为461,630,400,697和492mg/kg基于不同尺度膳食摄入量的统计结果推导的筛选值差异明显,其中,南方地区筛选值是个国筛选值的86.8%,北方、北京和上海地区分别是全国范围推导值1.4倍、1.5倍和1.1倍.在制订国家层面Cd的筛选值时,应充分考虑各区域膳食Cd的暴露特性,以避免因制订统一值导致高估或低估局部区域居民的健康风险.

Literatures on Cd concentrations between 2000~2010 in different diets of China were reviewed and concentrations of Cd in the main diets of Chinese were calculated statistically based on that.In combination of the total dietary survey carried out in 2000,the dietary Cd exposure of people in different regions was computed and the screening value of Cd was derived.The results revealed that dietary Cd intake of Chinese people was below the provisional tolerable value 0.833μg/（kg BW·d） issued by FAO/WHO（Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization）.And the national average dietary Cd intake was 0.444μg/（kg BW·d）,which was higher than the one of north[0.240μg/（kg BW·d）],Beijing[0.160μg/（kg BW·d）]and Shanghai[0.408μg/（kg BW·d）],but lower than the one of south[0.518μg/（kg BW·d）].Vegetables,cereal and its products,flour and its products,aquatic products and meat were the main diets contributed to dietary Cd intake in nationwide,northern and southern areas.Butin Beijing it was attributed to vegetables,flour and its products,fruits,cereal and its products and aquatic products and in Shanghai it was attributed to vegetables,aquatic products,cereal and its products and meat.The derived screen values were lower than the one when dietary Cd intake was not considered（829mg/kg）,and the value for nationwide,north,south,Beijing and Shanghai was 461,630,400,697 and492mg/kg,respectively.The difference among the derived values of different scales based on it corresponding dietary Cd intake was obvious,and the value of south was 86.8%of the one at national scale while the one of north,Beijing and Shanghai was 1.4,1.5 and 1.1times of it,respectively.Therefore,the different dietary Cd exposure characteristic in different regions should be taken into account when the national screening value of Cd is to assure its rationality.