食用菌中微量元素分析及营养价值与食品安全评价

Metal Content,Nutritional Value and Safety Assessment of Five Edible Mushrooms

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,测定香菇、金针菇、白玉菇、杏鲍菇和茶树菇5种食用菌中必需微量元素(Mg、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Se、Sr)和有害元素(As、Cd、Pb)的含量。以微量元素为指标,评价5种食用菌的营养价值和食用安全性。结果表明,5种食用菌均含有丰富Mg、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn,及少量V、Co、Ni、Se、Sr、As、Cd和Pb,且重金属As、Cd和Pb含量均低于国家标准(GB7096-2003)中关于食用菌规定的总量,食用安全。统计回归分析表明,香菇与其它4种食用菌同属真菌,因此微量元素含量相关系数R>0.6,但P值均大于0.05,说明微量元素含量因科属的不同而有较大差异,但影响不显著。

Five species of edible mushrooms from south Fujian were studied,including Lentinus edodes,Flammulina velutipes,Hypsizygus marmoreus,Pleurotus eryngii Quel and Agrocybe aegirit.After microwave digestion,the metal contents in edible mushrooms were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）.Using fifteen kinds of metals as indicators,the nutritional value and safety of mushrooms were assessed.In these edible mushrooms,the contents of Mg,Ca,Cr,Mn,Fe,Cu and Zn were higher than those of V,Co,Ni,Se,Sr,As,Cd and Pb.Furthermore,the contents of toxic metals（i.e.,As,Cd and Pb）were all lower than hygienic standard for edible fungi（GB7096-2003）.The results indicated that these edible mushrooms were quite safe and nutritious enough for human health,based on metal contents.According to regression analysis of metal contents,all of the correlation coefficients between Lentinus edodes and other four species of mushrooms were more than 0.6,because these five species of mushrooms were belong to eumycophyta.The metal contents were different for different species of mushrooms,but their P values were〉0.05,i.e.,such differences were not significant.Our results could be used for food classification,metal nutritional value and safety assessment for edible mushrooms.