不同灌水量对膜下滴灌冬马铃薯生长及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of different irrigation amount on winter potato growth and water use efficiency by drip irrigation under film

通过田间试验,设置1350 m3·hm^(-2)、1650 m3·hm^(-2)、1950 m3·hm^(-2)、2250 m3·hm^(-2)4个灌水量和1个常规沟灌为对照,研究膜下滴灌对马铃薯的生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:膜下滴灌马铃薯生长发育快,株高、单株茎叶鲜重、单株结薯数、单株块茎鲜重高于常规沟灌,膜下滴灌较沟灌增产6 416.08 kg·hm^(-2),增产21.29%,水分利用率高79.5 kg·hm^(-2)·mm-1。膜下滴灌下不同灌水量马铃薯水分利用率随灌水量增加呈降低趋势,产量和耗水量随灌水量增加而增加,滴灌1950 m3·hm^(-2)的产量最高,为39 732.0 kg·hm^(-2),当灌水量增加到2250 m3·hm^(-2)时,产量较滴灌1950 m3·hm^(-2)处理的下降6 624.5 kg·hm^(-2),下降16.67%。从产量提高和节水方面考虑,在生育期间有效降雨量在70 mm左右时,灌水量在1650~1950 m3·hm^(-2)较为适宜。

Through the field test,set up four irrigation treatments as 1350 m3·hm-2,1650 m3·hm-2,1950m3·hm-2,2250 m3·hm-2and one control group as common furrow irrigation,have researched the effects on growth,yield and water use efficiency of potato by drip irrigation under film. The results showed that： Compared the drip irrigation under film with the conventional furrow irrigation,the potato growth was fast,the plant height,fresh weight per plant,the tuber numbers and fresh tuber weight per plant were total higher than the furrow irrigation,also the added yield was 6416.08 kg·hm-2,increasing yield rate was 21.29%,the water use efficiency was higher than 79.5（ kg·hm-2·mm-1）. The water use efficiency of potato by drip irrigation under film has shown a decrease trend with increasing irrigation quantity,but the yield and water consumption were added with the increasing irrigation amount. The yield was the maximum as 39 732.0 kg·hm-2when the drip irrigation amount was 1950m3·hm-2. When the irrigation amount increased to 2250 m3·hm-2,the yield was decreased 6 624.5 kg·hm-2,the decrease rate was 16. 67%,compared with the irrigation treatment of 1950 m3·hm-2. So considering the aspects of increasing yield and saving water,the suitable irrigation amount was 1650 ∽ 1950 m3·hm-2m3,when theeffective rainfall was 70 mm more or less in growing period.