番茄产量对各生育阶段土壤水分的响应分析

Responsive analysis of tomato yield to soil moisture during different growth stage

为了解不同生育阶段土壤水分状况对番茄产量的影响,根据番茄第一穗果的发育情况,将番茄全生育期划分为苗期、始花结果期、果实生长初期、快速膨大期和品质形成期五个生育阶段,采用五元二次通用旋转组合设计进行盆栽试验,建立产量与土壤含水率间回归模型,对各单一因素效应及两两因素的耦合效应进行分析,并基于Jensen和Blank模型,分析产量对各阶段耗水的敏感性。结果表明,在其它生育阶段土壤含水率为中间水平时,番茄产量随果实生长初期、快速膨大期、品质形成期土壤含水率的增加呈上升趋势,随始花结果期增加呈开口向下的抛物线变化,不随苗期而变化。始花结果期与果实生长初期和品质形成期、果实生长初期与快速膨大期土壤含水率间的交互作用均表现为促进番茄产量的提高。番茄产量对各生育阶段水分亏缺的敏感性依次为品质形成期、果实生长初期、始花结果期、快速膨大期、苗期,相应的Jensen模型水分敏感指数为0.1658、0.1275、0.0941、0.0448、-0.1813。当苗期、始花结果期、果实生长初期、快速膨大期与品质形成期土壤相对含水率分别为50%∽60%、90%∽100%、90%∽100%、90%∽100%、90%∽100%时,番茄可达最高单株产量1 406.04 g。综合分析表明,保证果实生长初期、品质形成期和快速膨大期灌水,减少苗期灌水,适当控制始花结果期灌水可有效提高番茄产量。

In order to know the effect of soil moisture condition during different growth stage to the tomato yield,the whole growth period of tomato has been divided into five growing stages as seeding（ X1）,beginning flower and fruit setting（ X2）,early fruit growth（ X3）,rapid fruit expansion（ X4） and quality development stage（ X5）,according to the development situation of tomato first fruit. Using the composite quadratic general regressive rotation design with five factors,has carried out the pot experiments and set up the regression model of tomato yield to soil water content,and analyzed the coupling effects of each single factor and two interactive factors. Based on the Jensen and Blank model,has analyzed the sensitivity of yield to water consumption during each growth stage. The results showed that： When the soil water content was at the middle level in other growth stages,the tomato yield has showed an upward trend with the increase of soil moisture during the early fruit growth,rapid fruit expansion and quality development stage,and showed a downward parabolic change with the increase at the beginning flower and fruit setting stage and no any change at the seeding stage. The interactive function of the soil moisture during the beginning flower and fruit setting,early fruit growth,rapid fruit expansion and quality development stage total repre-sented to promote the tomato yield increasing. The sensitivity of tomato yield to water deficit in each growth stage was down successively from X5,X3,X2,X4,X1. The sensitivity indexes related Jensen Model were 0. 1658,0.1275,0.0941,0.0448 and-0.1813. The maximal tomato yield per plant could be reached 1406.04 gram when the relative soil water content of were 50% ∽ 60%,90% ∽ 100%,90% ∽ 100%,90% ∽ 100%,90% ∽ 100%,respectively at the X1,X2,X3,X4,X5 stage. The comprehensive analysis has indicated to guarantee irrigation at the X3,X5 and X4stages,reduce irrigation at the X1 stage and appropriately control irrigation at the X2 stage could be effectively increased the tomato yield.