西北旱区碎麦秸垫式膜上灌对玉米出苗及产量的影响

Effects of irrigation on film by crushed wheat straw padding to the corn seedling and yield in Northwest Arid Region,China

针对西北旱区秸秆覆盖的生态适应性和地膜覆盖的残膜难回收问题,设置了覆盖方式和灌水定额两个主导因素,研究了碎麦秸垫式膜上灌对玉米出苗和产量的影响。覆盖方式设有四个水平:无覆盖(N),秸秆覆盖(S),地膜覆盖(F),碎麦秸垫膜覆盖(SF);灌水定额设有高(H,900 m3·hm^(-2)、中(M,750 m3·hm^(-2)、低(L,600m3·hm^(-2)三个水平;结果表明:SF明显提高了出苗率和产量,与S相比,出苗率提高了49.50%,子粒产量提高了4 415.79 kg·hm^(-2),所以SF使解决秸秆覆盖在西北旱区的出苗低和产量低等问题有了可能。从产量方面来看,最佳组合为FL、SFM,分别可将灌水定额降至L(600 m3·hm^(-2)和M(750 m3·hm^(-2)水平,这凸显了SF和F的节水增产效果。SF中的碎麦秸有利于土膜剥离回收,解决了地膜覆盖中残膜难回收的环境问题。

Pointed at the practical problems about ecological adaptability by straw mulch and residual film difficult recovery by film mulch,set up two dominant factors as mulch mode and irrigation quota,researched the effects of irrigation on film by crushed wheat straw padding to corn seedling and yield. The mulch mode designed as four levels： Without mulch（ N）,straw mulch（ S）,plastic film mulch（ F） and plastic film mulch by crushed wheat straw padding（ SF）. The irrigation quota designed as three levels： High（ H,900 m3·hm-2,Middle（ M,750 m3·hm-2,and Lower（ L,600 m3·hm-2. The results showed that： The SF significantly increased the seedling emergence rate and yield,compared with S,the seedling emergence rate was increased 49.50% and the grain yield was increased 4 415.79 kg·hm-2. So the SF can be possible to solve the problem ＂Lower emergence rate and low yield＂by straw mulch in Northwest Arid Regions,China. From the yield point of view,the best combinations were FL and SFM,which the irrigation quota can be reduced to L（ 600 m3·hm-2 and M（ 750 m3·hm-2,these were highlighted the effects of water-saving and yield-increasing with SF and F. Among the SF,the crushed wheat straw was useful to recover the plastic film stripping from soil and to solve the environmental problem of residual film difficult recovery in film mulching.