东西部农村留守儿童社会支持与孤独感比较

Comparison of social support and loneliness among left-behind children in eastern and western China

目的了解东西部农村留守儿童社会支持与孤独感的差异,为制定针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。方法整群随机抽取江苏和贵州两地农村小学四到六年级743名儿童,使用社会支持量表和儿童孤独量表进行问卷调查。结果不同留守状态儿童社会支持与孤独感只有东部儿童中存在差异(P值均<0.05),表现为双亲外出儿童社会支持低于单亲外出儿童和非留守儿童(40.68±4.62,45.34±6.33,45.22±6.54),孤独感高于单亲外出儿童和非留守儿童(32.18±10.83,27.85±8.06,26.36±7.61);区域、留守状态、主观支持和支持利用度与孤独感均相关(r值分别为0.517,0.198,-0.469,P值均<0.05);东部和西部不同留守状态儿童孤独感发生率均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为4.25,0.85,P值均>0.05),但各留守状态的儿童其孤独感存在区域差异(χ2值分别为18.07,23.66,54.74,P值均<0.01)。结论留守儿童社会支持和孤独感存在区域差异,西部儿童所获社会支持更低,孤独感总体水平及高孤独感的发生率均高于东部儿童。

Objective To compare social support and loneliness among left-behind children from eastern and western Chi- na. Methods Totally 743 children in grade 4 to 6 from Jiangsu and Guizhou rural primary schools were chosen using cluster ran- dom sampling method and investigated with Social Support Rating Scale and Children＂ s Loneliness Scale. Results There were sig- nificant differences in social support and loneliness between left-behind and not-left-behind children in eastern China（ P〈0.05）. So- cial support of children with both parents out was much lower than children with single parent out and not-left-behind children （40.68±64, 45.34±6.33, 45.22±6.54）. Loneliness of children with both parents out was much higher than children with single parent out and not-left-behind children （ 32.18 ± 10.83, 27.85 ± 8.06, 26.36 ± 7.61 ）. There was significant correlation between area, left-behind status, social support and loneliness, especially subjective support and utility of support （ r = 0.517,0.1981 - 0.469, P〈 0.05 ）. There was no significant difference in loneliness rate among left-behind and not-left-behind children in eastern or western China（X2 =4.25, 0.85 ,P〉0.05）. Significant differences were found in different areas of loneliness among left-behind children from different states（X2 = 18.07,23.66,54.74,P〈0.01 ）. Conclusion Significant difference exists in social support and loneliness among left-behind children in eastern and western China with less social suppost, overall loneliness degree higher loneliness rate among children in western China.