摘要
目的 了解深圳市高一学生近视流行现状并分析近视危险因素,为实施针对性的学生近视控制措施提供参考依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取深圳市7所高中全部高一年级学生共5 443名进行问卷调查.结果 5 443名高中生中,有4 115人为近视患者,近视率达75.6%.其中女生近视率(79.9%)高于男生(70.8%)(x2=61.456,P<0.01).非条件多因素Logistic回归分析显示,父母有一方近视、父母双方都近视、中学生近视发生风险行为、父母不近视中学生的1.73倍(OR=1.73,95%CI=1.49~ 2.02)和3.20倍(OR=3.20,95%CI=2.46~ 4.17);女生近视风险是男生的1.32倍(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.14~1.52);近距离读写、看电视、看计算机和长时间持续读写是近视危险因素,OR值分别为1.38(95%CI=1.24~1.53),1.29(95%CI=1.16~1.44),1.17(95%CI=1.04~1.30)和1.12(95%CI=1.01~ 1.22),持续用眼40 min后远眺休息眼睛是近视的保护因素(OR=0.78,95%CI=0.71~0.86).结论 深圳市高一学生近视率较高;父母近视对孩子近视影响大,近距离、长时间持续用眼行为是近视的重要危险因素,而好的用眼行为习惯则是近视保护因素.
Objective To realize prevalence of myopia and its risk factors among senior one students in the city of Shenz- hen and to play guiding role in implementation of prevention measures and controlling development of myopia among students. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among all 5 443 freshmen from 7 senior high schools chosen by random group sampling method. Results Overall,4 115 of the whole 5 443 respondants were near-sightedI the rate was 75.6%I while the rate of girls ( 79.9% ) was higher than that of boys ( 70.8% ) (X2 = 61.456, P〈 0.01 ). Results of non-conditional multivariate Logistic re- gression analysis showed that rate of myopia in children with one or both near-sighted parents was 1.73 times (OR= 1.73, 95%CI= 1.49-2.02 ) and 1.12 times ( OR = 3.20, 95%CI= 2.46-4.17 ) higher than children of whom neither parent was near-sighted. Risk of myopia among girls was 1.32 times ( OR = 1.32,95% CI= 1.14-1.52 ) higher than that of boys. Close reading and writing, watching rlT, using computer and continuous reading and writing for a long time are risk factors of myopia, with OR of 1.38 ( 95%CI= 1.24 -1.22), 1.29 (95%CI= 1.16-1.44), 1.17(95%CI= 1.04-1.30) and 1.12(95%CI= 1.01-1.22) respectively,while it was a pro- tective factor( OR=0.78, 95%CI=0.71-0.86) to take a rest by looking in the long distance after 40 minute" s continuous use of eyes. Conclusion There is a rather high rate of myopia among fresh senior high students in Shenzhen. Parents" myopia has obvi- ous influence on their children, indicating that the genetic factors perform an important role on the incidence and development of myopia. Behaviors of using eyes in a short distance and long time are significant risk factors of myopia while benign behaviors/habits are protective for eyes.
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2015年第11期1681-1683,1686,共4页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
深圳市科创委项目(JCYJ20130329103949647)
关键词
近视
流行病学研究
危险因素
学生
Myopia
Epidemiologic studies
Risk factors
Students