深圳市高一学生近视流行现状与危险因素分析

Analysis of the relevant factors of myopia and the risk factors among senior one students in Shenzhen

目的 了解深圳市高一学生近视流行现状并分析近视危险因素,为实施针对性的学生近视控制措施提供参考依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取深圳市7所高中全部高一年级学生共5 443名进行问卷调查.结果 5 443名高中生中,有4 115人为近视患者,近视率达75.6％.其中女生近视率（79.9％）高于男生（70.8％）（x2=61.456,P＜0.01）.非条件多因素Logistic回归分析显示,父母有一方近视、父母双方都近视、中学生近视发生风险行为、父母不近视中学生的1.73倍（OR=1.73,95％CI=1.49～ 2.02）和3.20倍（OR=3.20,95％CI=2.46～ 4.17）;女生近视风险是男生的1.32倍（OR=1.32,95％CI=1.14～1.52）;近距离读写、看电视、看计算机和长时间持续读写是近视危险因素,OR值分别为1.38（95％CI=1.24～1.53）,1.29（95％CI=1.16～1.44）,1.17（95％CI=1.04～1.30）和1.12（95％CI=1.01～ 1.22）,持续用眼40 min后远眺休息眼睛是近视的保护因素（OR=0.78,95％CI=0.71～0.86）.结论 深圳市高一学生近视率较高;父母近视对孩子近视影响大,近距离、长时间持续用眼行为是近视的重要危险因素,而好的用眼行为习惯则是近视保护因素.

Objective To realize prevalence of myopia and its risk factors among senior one students in the city of Shenz- hen and to play guiding role in implementation of prevention measures and controlling development of myopia among students. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among all 5 443 freshmen from 7 senior high schools chosen by random group sampling method. Results Overall,4 115 of the whole 5 443 respondants were near-sightedI the rate was 75.6%I while the rate of girls （ 79.9% ） was higher than that of boys （ 70.8% ） （X2 = 61.456, P〈 0.01 ）. Results of non-conditional multivariate Logistic re- gression analysis showed that rate of myopia in children with one or both near-sighted parents was 1.73 times （OR= 1.73, 95%CI= 1.49-2.02 ） and 1.12 times （ OR = 3.20, 95%CI= 2.46-4.17 ） higher than children of whom neither parent was near-sighted. Risk of myopia among girls was 1.32 times （ OR = 1.32,95% CI= 1.14-1.52 ） higher than that of boys. Close reading and writing, watching rlT, using computer and continuous reading and writing for a long time are risk factors of myopia, with OR of 1.38 （ 95%CI= 1.24 -1.22）, 1.29 （95%CI= 1.16-1.44）, 1.17（95%CI= 1.04-1.30） and 1.12（95%CI= 1.01-1.22） respectively,while it was a pro- tective factor（ OR=0.78, 95%CI=0.71-0.86） to take a rest by looking in the long distance after 40 minute＂ s continuous use of eyes. Conclusion There is a rather high rate of myopia among fresh senior high students in Shenzhen. Parents＂ myopia has obvi- ous influence on their children, indicating that the genetic factors perform an important role on the incidence and development of myopia. Behaviors of using eyes in a short distance and long time are significant risk factors of myopia while benign behaviors/habits are protective for eyes.