淮安市2010—2014年学生结核病流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis among students in Huai'an from 2010 to 2014

目的 了解淮安市学生结核病发病情况及流行特征,为采取有针对性的学校结核病防控措施提供参考.方法 对结核病管理信息系统报告的2010-2014年淮安市学生结核病疫情资料进行分析.结果 2010-2014年淮安市学生结核病年均报告发病率为11.84/10万,报告发病率从2010年的13.74/10万下降到2014年的7.12/10万（x2=15.27,P＜0.01）;学生涂阳肺结核年均报告发病率为3.79/10万,报告发病率从2010年的7.96/10万下降到2014年的1.57/10万（x2=30.64,P＜0.01）.3-5月为报告发病的高峰期,其次为9,11月;男、女生患病人数比为1.61：1,男生发病率明显高于女生（x2 =9.20,P＜0.01）;患者平均年龄为（18.47±3.21）岁,15～ 19岁年龄段患者数最多（55.14％）,其次为20岁以上（36.68％）.学生结核病占全人群患者比例由2010年的4.06％下降至2014年的2.04％.结论 2010-2014年淮安市学生结核病发病率呈下降趋势,但存在疫情高发月份和高发年龄.应采取综合措施继续加强学校结核病防治工作.

Objective To explore the reported incidence and epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis （TB） among students in Huai＇an city, and to provide information on TB control and prevention in school setting. Methods Data of TB among students in Huaian from TB Management Information System during 2010-2014 was analyzed. Results From 2010 to 2014, aver- age reported incidence of TB among students in huaian was 11.84/100 000, declined from 13.74/100 000 in 2010 to 7.12/100 000 in 2014 （X2 = 15.27, P〈 0.01 ）. The average reported incidence of smear-positive TB was 3.79/100 000, declined from 7.96/100 000 to 1.57/100 000（X2 =30.64,P〈0.01 ）. The number of cases at the peak occurred during March to May, September, and November. More male cased were found, with the ratio of male to female being 1.61 ： 1, and the incidence rate higher in male students（X2= 9.20,P〈0.01 ）. Average age of the cases was （ 18.47±3.21 ） , and most of the cases ranged from 15 to 19 years old which accounted for 55.14%. Students older than 20 years old accounted for 36.68% of all the cases.Conclusion The reported incidence of TB a- mong students in huaian declined during 2010-2014, but there was still sporadic TB outbreak in specific month and age group. It is of great importance to take comprehensive strategies for TB control and prevention in schools.