三种双酰胺类杀虫剂制剂对环境非靶标生物的急性毒性

Acute toxicity of three diamide insecticide preparations to environmental non-target organisms

采用"OECD化学品测试准则"和"化学农药环境安全评价试验准则"方法,以赤子爱胜蚓、非洲爪蟾、斜生栅藻、大型溞、斑马鱼,意大利蜜蜂以及家蚕为受试生物,测定了20%氟虫双酰胺水分散粒剂、200g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂和200g/L溴氰虫酰胺悬浮剂3种双酰胺类杀虫剂对环境非靶标生物的急性毒性。结果表明:氟虫双酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺3种药剂对赤子爱胜蚓、非洲爪蟾、斜生栅藻和斑马鱼的急性毒性均为低毒,但对大型溞的48 h-EC_(50)值分别为1.51×10^(-2)、2.58×10^(-3)、7.63×10^(-2)mg/L,对家蚕的96h-LC_(50)值分别为6.11×10^(-2)、0.12和0.30 mg/L,均为剧毒;氟虫双酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对意大利蜜蜂为低毒,但溴氰虫酰胺对其的48h经口LC_(50)值和接触LD_(50)值分别为2.90 mg/L和3.71×10^(-2)μg/bee,均为高毒。研究表明,虽然双酰胺类杀虫剂对多数非靶标生物毒性较低,但在水体环境和桑蚕区以及作物开花期仍需谨慎使用。

Based on the methods of ＇ OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals＇ and ＇ Guidelines on environmental safety assessment for chemical pesticides＇, the acute toxicity of flubendiamide 20% WG, chlorantraniliprole 200 g/L SC and cyantraniliprole 200 g/L SC against Eisenia fetida, Xenopus laevis, Scenedesmus obliquus, Daphnia magna, Brachydanio rerio, Apis mellifera and Bombyx mori were tested. The results showed that flubendiamide 20% WG, chlorantraniliprole 200 g/L SC and cyantraniliprole 200 g/L SC showed low toxicity to E. fetida, X. laevis, S. obliquus, B. rerio, but extreme toxicity to D. magna and B. mori, with ECs0 （48 h） values of 1.51×10^-2、2.58×10^-3,7.63×10^-2mg/L to D. magna, respectively, and LC50（96 h） values of 6. 11 × 10^-2, 0. 12 and 0.30 mg/L to B. mori, respectively. Flubendiamide and chlo-rantraniliprole showed low toxicity to A. mellifera, but cyantraniliprole showed high acute oral and contact toxicity to A. mellifera, with acute oral LC50（48 h） value of 2.90 mg/L and acute contact LD50（48 h） value of 3.71 × 10 2 μg/bee. The results suggested that although diamide insecticides were low toxic to most species of non-target organisms, caution should be taken in the use of diamide insecticides in water environment and mulberry orchards, as well as during florescence of crops.