基于生产视角的中国水足迹地区间差异:“总量-结构-效率”分析框架

Regional Disparity of Water Footprint in China in the Production Perspective:The Analytical Framework of “Amount-Structure-Efficiency”

我国水资源短缺地区间差异问题正引起各界关注,分析比较各地区用水总量、结构及效率,是我国构建特色水安全保障体系、实施最严格水资源管理制度的前提。在"总量-结构-效率"分析框架下,采用多区域投入产出分析、锡尔指数空间差异分解、伪基尼系数差异成因分解等方法,分析我国30省级行政区(除西藏)42经济部门生产视角下水足迹(生产水足迹)地区间差异及其成因,为我国合理高效调整生产以降低水足迹提供依据。研究结果表明:1我国生产水足迹总量、结构、效率地区间差异明显。2生产水足迹经济区域间差异是其总体空间差异的主要成因(贡献率69.46%),而农林牧渔业生产水足迹经济区域间差异是生产水足迹经济区域间差异的重要贡献因子(贡献率59.19%),其关键因子为该部门最终需求量经济区域间差异(贡献率74.57%);水资源压力指标总体空间差异主要源自经济区域内省区间可利用水资源量对应差别。3农林牧渔业直接用水系数与最终需求量、食品制造及烟草加工业最终需求量、住宿餐饮业用水乘数与最终需求量等省区间差别分别是三大产业生产水足迹省区间差异主要贡献因子。4生产水足迹强度省区间差异主要源于农林牧渔业生产水足迹强度对应差异;煤炭开采和洗选业、石油和天然气开采业对工业生产水足迹废弃率省区间差异的贡献高于其他经济部门。

The regional divergence of the water resource shortage in China has been attracting the attention from all kinds of fields. Analyzing and comparing the regional amount, structure, and efficiency of water consumption are the premise for both the construction of water security system with Chinese characteristics and the implementation of Most Stringent Water Resources Management System in China. In the analytical framework of ＇ amount-structure-efficiency＇ , by applying the muhi-regional input-output analysis, Theil index spatial difference decomposition, and Pseudo Gini coefficient difference cause decomposition, this paper analyzes regional divergences and their formation causes of the water footprint of 42 economic sectors in 30 provinces （excluding Tibet） from production perspective （domestic water footprint）, in order to provide reference of rationally and efficiently adjusting production in order to reduce the water footprint in China. The results show that, （1） there are significant spatial disparities of the amount, structure and efficiency of domestic water footprint in China. （2） The inter-economic regional divergences of domestic water footprint amount primarily yield to its overall spatial differences （ with the contribution of 69.46% ） , with the inter-economic regional disparities of domestic water footprint in the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery as their main contributor （with the contribution of 59.19% ） , whose key factor is the inter-economic regional dissimilarities of the final demand in this sector （ with the contribution of 74.57% ） ; the overall spatial divergences of water pressure index mainly come from the inter-provincial disparities of water amount available within the economic region. （3） Inter-provincial differences of direct water consumption coefficient and final demand of the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industry, the final demand of the food manufacturing and tobacco processing industry, and the water use multiplier and final demand of the accommodation and catering industry, are respectively the main contributors of the inter-provincial domestic water footprint variations in three major industries. （4） The inter-provincial dissimilarities of domestic water footprint intensity primarily come from the corresponding disparities of the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industry ; the contribution of both the coal mining and washing industry and the oil and gas exploration industry to the inter-provincial variation of the waste rate of industrial domestic water footprint, are larger than that of other economic sectors.