中国矿业经济区矿产资源保障程度差异性研究

Research on Diversity of Mineral Resources Carrying Capacity in Chinese Mining Economic Regions

基于矿产赋存特点、矿业经济区发展阶段、主体功能区划分等标准,从《全国矿产资源规划(2008-2015年)》75个矿业经济区中选取30个重点典型矿业经济区为研究对象,结合矿业经济区发展阶段特点以及资源型城市分类标准将30个矿业经济区分为成熟型、衰退型、再生型、成长型四类,运用保证年限、经济承载力、矿山经济对经济发展、人口就业贡献四个关键指标,比较分析不同类型(成熟型、衰退型、再生型、成长型)、不同区域(东部、中部、西部)矿业经济区矿产资源保障程度差异特征。从类型层面看,平均保证年限较长的矿业经济区多为成熟型、再生型;平均经济承载力较高的矿业经济区多为成长型、再生型;矿山经济对经济发展、人口就业贡献较高的矿业经济区多为成长型、成熟型。从区域层面看,经济承载力高的矿业经济区多为经济发达的东部矿业经济区及矿产资源丰富的中部矿业经济区;保证年限偏长、GDP贡献度高、就业人口贡献度高的矿业经济区位于中部、西部地区。研究结果表明:1成长型、成熟型矿业经济区矿业发展相对比较稳定或向好发展,矿山经济对经济发展、人口就业贡献较高;再生型矿业经济区转型较好,矿产资源平均经济承载力、保证年限处于相对较好的状态;2我国中部、西部矿业经济区矿产资源开采潜力较大;3以能源为主导矿种的成熟型、成长型中部矿业经济区发展潜力大。各矿业经济区应结合发展类型及区域特点,明确发展方向及重点任务,并注重矿业经济区建设与生态环境的协调发展。

Based on the characteristics of mineral occurrence, development stages in mining economic regions and main function region division, this paper divides the 30 mining economic regions selected from the National Mineral Resource Planning （2008 -2015 ） into four types, namely, Type of Mature Mining Economic Region （TM） , Type of Declining Mining Economic Region （TD） , Type of Regeneration Mining Economic Region （TR） and Type of Growth Mining Economic Region （TG） by combining with the development stage characteristics of mining economic regions and classification criteria for resource-based cities. Then, four key indicators of economic carrying capacity, life assurance, contribution to GDP and employment are selected to evaluate the carrying capacity diversity of mining resources. In terms of the type, most of TG and TR regions have higher average economic carrying capacity ; most of TM and TR regions have longer ensure life; most of TG and TM regions have higher GDP contribution and employment contribution. From the regional perspective, the regions with higher average economic carrying capacity are mainly located in the developed eastern regions and the central regions are rich in mineral resources, while those better in the other three indicators are located in the central and western regions. The results showed that： （1）TR and TG regions exhibit stable or good mining economy, which has higher GDP and employment contribution; with good economic transformation, TR regions have higher economic carrying capacity and longer ensure life. （2）Greater potential for mining development appears in the western and central mining economic regions. （3）Mining economic regions with energy as the dominant minerals and in the mature and growth stage in the central regions have greater development potential. In combination with the development types and regional characteristics, mining economic regions should understand their development orientation and priority and emphasize the coordinated development of construction and environment.