多元化社会养老服务体系建设对策研究

Research on Strategies of Constructing the Diversified Social Old-age Care Service System

在人口老龄化以及养老问题巨大压力推动下,社会养老服务体系建设已成为政府和社会关注的焦点。经过不懈探索与改革,我国养老服务体系发展已取得初步成效,却也存在基本架构不完善;服务队伍专业化不足;运作机制有待健全等亟需解决的问题。英国、日本及美国的养老主体包括家庭、机构、社区以及政府等,是多元化的。这些国家都是政府居于主导地位,负责基础设施的建设与维护;出台相关政策并采取各种措施扶持并促进养老服务业发展和融资;针对老年人服务需求多样性的特点,实行规范化和标准化管理,推进职业专业化,保证服务设施的专业化。可看出,发挥政府作用,促进养老服务产业化以及专业化是较为有效的途径。鉴于此,推动多元化社会养老服务体系基本架构建设、加强专业队伍建设,完善长效运作机制等是社会养老服务体系建设的重中之重。

With the increasingly serious aging of population in China, the construction of social old-age care service system has aroused the government and society＇ s attention, and has already maken achievements. But there are still many problems, such as inadequate system framework, weak professionalization of service team construction, and not well organized management mechanisms. The pension system in Britain, Japan and the United States of, including family, institutions, communities and the government, is diversified. Governments in countries mentioned above are in the dominant position of the pension system, responsible for the construction and maintenance of infrastructure; Governments formulate relevant policies and take various measures to support and promote the development of pension services and financing, implement the normalized and stamdardized management according to the characteristics of the service demand for the elderly promote professionalization, and assure Professional service facilities. In a word, playing the role of the government and promoting industrialization and professionatization of pension services are more effective ways. So promoting the system construction, strengthening the professional team construction, and improving the long-term operation mechanism are the most important part in costructing China＇ s diversified social old-age care service system.