武汉市数学学习困难儿童辅导需要、应对方式与父母教养方式的相关性研究

Correlational Research on Counseling Needs,Coping Style and Parental Rearing Style of Dyscalculia Children in Wuhan

目的:探讨数学学习困难儿童辅导需要、应对方式与父母教养方式之间的关系,为开展心理健康教育提供理论依据。方法:采用整群抽样的方法,抽取武汉市2所小学786名4-6年级学生,根据数学学习困难诊断标准,筛查出数困儿童,和正常儿童做病例对照研究,对其辅导需求、应对方式及父母教养方式进行评定。结果:数困儿童学习辅导、个人认识和情绪调节需求高于对照组儿童(P<0.01)。数困儿童消极应对得分高于对照组儿童,积极应对得分低于对照组儿童(P<0.01)。数困组儿童父母教养方式中惩罚、严厉和拒绝、否认得分高于对照组儿童父母,情感温暖和理解得分低于对照组父母(P<0.01)。相关分析结果表明,数困儿童父母惩罚、严厉和拒绝、否认的教养方式与儿童消极应对方式、辅导需求增加呈正相关,父母情感温暖和理解的教养方式与儿童积极应对方式、辅导需求呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论:数困儿童有较强的学习辅导、改善情绪与自我认识的需求。数困儿童父母倾向于使用惩罚、严厉和拒绝、否认的教养方式。如果数困儿童父母更多使用情感温暖和理解的教养方式,可以使家庭在过滤儿童学业不良这一事件中起保护作用,更多地满足儿童发展性需求。

Objective： To explore counseling needs of dyscalculia children and its relationship between coping style and parental rearing style. Methods： A total of 786 children of 4 ～ 6 grades in two primary schools were selected with cluster sampling method. According to the diagnostic criteria of dyscalculia,children with and without dyscalculia were selected and compared,and their counseling needs,coping style and parental rearing style were evaluated. Results： The learning and personal counseling needs of dyscalculia children were significantly higher than normal children（ P〈0. 01）. Negative cope score in dyscalculia children was significantly higher than normal children,and positive cope score was significantly lower than normal children（ P〈0. 01）. Correlation analysis showed that parental punishment rejection and over- govem had negative correlation with dyscalculia child coping style and counseling needs,but emotional warmth had positive correlation with it. Conclusion： Parental emotional warmth plays an important role in lightening dyscalculia children＇s counseling needs.