国外劳动力市场政府管制研究述评

Review of Foreign Research on Labor Market Government Regulation

国外劳动力市场政府管制在狭义上指的是就业保护管制,在广义上还包括政府对工会权利、集体谈判和社会保障方面的管制。效率理论、政权理论和法律起源理论从不同视角对各国劳动力市场政府管制的产生和多样性进行了解释。法规指标和调查指标的出现使劳动力市场政府管制严格程度的度量成为可能,也推动了关于管制影响方面经验性研究的发展。但在管制对就业、生产率等方面的影响研究中,研究结论尚不统一。国外研究的总体状况显示出实证性研究成为主旋律,基于国别背景的研究比跨国研究更为有效,如何创新管制方式以应对发展挑战成为当前研究的新方向。

Labor market regulation in foreign research refers to employment protection in the narrow sense, and in the broad sense it also includes government controls on trade union, collective bargaining and social security. Theory of efficiency, theory of political power and theory of legal origin explain the reasons of emergence and diversity of labor market regulation in the world from different perspectives. Different indicators based on legislative provisions or survey make it possible to mea-sure the stringency of labor market regulation and contribute to the development of empirical studies on the economic impacts brought by the regulation. But consistency in conclusions has not been reached in the influence of regulation on employment and productivity. It shows that empirical studies have become the main themes, the research based on the background of spe-cific country can draw more valid conclusions than transnational research, and the innovation of regulatory approach for coun-tries to deal with new challenges is becoming a new direction in research.