异源细胞质育种技术在小麦遗传育种研究中的应用

Application of Breeding Technology of Alloplasmic Cytoplasms in Wheat Genetics and Breeding Research

小麦族内种属之间细胞质的遗传变异是小麦育种宝贵的遗传资源,因而对异源细胞质遗传效应的研究也愈加深入。小麦的异源细胞质遗传效应表现在细胞质雄性不育性、单倍体诱导、抗逆性、生长发育及农艺性状的小麦品种改良等诸多方面。其中,创制细胞质雄性不育系、诱导单倍体和改良小麦品种是异源细胞质遗传效应在小麦育种中的具体应用。对小麦细胞质效应的遗传特点及其在育种中的应用进行了系统总结,旨在探索细胞质遗传规律,为小麦细胞质遗传资源的开发和利用提供理论依据。

Cytoplasm variation exists among wheat species, which is the precious genetic wealth of wheat breeding. The genetic effect of cytoplasm has been researched increasingly. Cytoplasm male sterility, induce haploid, wheat resistance and the agricultural characters of variety improvement are significant affected by the allocytoplasm. The development of cytoplasm male sterility, induce haploid and improved wheat varieties are applied to wheat breeding. The paper summarizes the genetic characteristics and applying on breeding of wheat cytoplasm. Our aim is to study on regular of cytoplasm inheritance and to provide with reliable basis of theory for wheat breeding.