神府矿区西沟-柳沟流域地面塌陷及其环境效应

Surface Subsidence and Its Environmental Effect in Xigou-Liugou Drainage Area, Shenmu-Fugu Mining Area

神木县西沟-柳沟流域煤炭开采历史悠久,主采侏罗系延安组4^(-2)、5^(-2)和5^(-3)煤层,采煤方法由之前的房柱式开采逐渐转换为井下综采。以西沟-柳沟流域内大砭窑煤矿和凉水井煤矿为基础,以不同开采方式诱发地面塌陷为对象,通过对流域区实地调查和分析,将区内地面塌陷分为房柱式采煤突发型塌陷和井下综采预知型塌陷,并对流域内地面塌陷主要表现形式—地裂缝和塌陷槽特征加以阐述和总结。在灾害调查的基础上,还对流域内土地资源、泉、井和地表水做了诸多工作,结果显示:地面塌陷对地质环境条件影响严重,地形地貌因地面塌陷而改变,土地资源因此受到破坏;采煤顶板冒落,流域内含(隔)水层破坏,地下水漏失、水位下降,地表水也随地裂缝流失,区内多处泉已经干涸,支沟断流等都与采煤引起的地面塌陷有关。

Coal mining history in the Xigou-Liugou drainage area, Shenmu County is quite long. Main mineable Jurassic Yanan Forma？tion coal seams have Nos.4-2, 5-2 and 5-3. Coal-mining system is from previous room-and-pillar gradually converted into underground fully mechanized mining. Taking the Dabianyao and Liangshuijing coalmines different coal-mining systems induced surface subsid？ence as the object, through drainage area on-the-spot investigation and analysis, divided the surface subsidence into room-and-pillar system ejaculatory type subsidence and underground fully mechanized system predictive type subsidence. Characteristics of drainage area surface subsidence main representations—ground fissure and subsided groove have been expounded and summed up. Based on hazard investigation, have done a lot of work on land resources, springs, wells and surface water in the drainage area. The result has shown that the surface subsidence has seriously impacted geoenvironmental status, landform also changed, land resources undermined. Besides, mining roof-fall, aquifer （aquifuge） damaged, groundwater leakage, water-level falling, surface water also run off through ground fissure, many springs in the area already dried up, branch gullies setting off, each one is connected to coal mining caused sur？face subsidence.