劳动力池效应、知识溢出效应对劳动收入份额的影响——基于马歇尔产业集聚理论

The Impact of Labor Pooling and Knowledge Spillover Effect on the Share of Labor Income——Based on the Industrial Agglomeration Theory of Marshall

构建一个理论模型分析产业集聚的劳动力池效应、知识溢出效应对劳动收入份额的影响,结果表明,当集聚区内外的生产率差异足够大且劳动力市场是完全竞争的,劳动力池效应才能够提高劳动收入份额,否则,劳动力池效应对劳动收入份额的影响为负;知识溢出对劳动收入份额的影响存在不确定性。实证结果表明,产业集聚的劳动力池效应与劳动收入份额为负相关关系,即当前产业集聚的劳动力池效应使得劳动收入份额下降;知识溢出效应正在使劳动收入份额下降,即当前正存在负的知识溢出效应。

A theoretical model is constructed to analyze the impact of the industrial agglomeration of labor pooling and knowledge spillover effect on the share of labor income. Results show that labor pooling can improve the share of labor income if and only if the productivity difference inside and outside the agglomeration areas is large enough. Otherwise, the impact of labor pooling on the share of labor income is negative. The impact of knowledge spillover on the share of labor income is uncertain. The empirical results indicate that labor pooling of industrial agglomeration negatively correlated with labor share. That is, the labor pooling at present decreases the share of labor income. Knowledge spillover effect is decreasing the share of labor income, which means the knowledge spillover effect at present is negative.