气候变暖对中国木材腐朽及白蚁危害区域边界的影响

The Climate Change Effects on Boundaries of Wood Decay and Termite Hazard Zones in China

【目的】通过研究近10年来Scheffer气象指数发生的变化,估测气候变暖对中国木材腐朽及白蚁危害区域划分的影响。【方法】以中国194个基准地面气象观测站及自动站2004—2013年10年的月平均气温和每月日降水量≥0.1 mm的天数2组数据计算Scheffer气象指数,与原以1996—2005年10年数据计算的Scheffer气象指数进行比较,并根据新的Scheffer气象指数绘制新的木材腐朽区域划分地图;根据白蚁最新发现分布区域的报道修订原白蚁危害区域分布界限。【结果】最近10年气象数据计算出的Scheffer气象指数显示:全国194个观测站中除了9个地点的值没有变化、36个地点的值降低外,149个观测站的腐朽指数值都上升了。根据新的Scheffer气象指数值绘制的中国木材腐朽危害区域地图显示:中危害区域与高危害区域界限沿中东部北移,低危害区域与中危害区域界限东部北移,而东北角的原界限南移,形成了一条完整的弧线。吉林省公主岭市的白蚁危害改写了我国白蚁危害区域分布的北界。根据白蚁的分布及种类,将中国木材白蚁危害分为木材白蚁低、中和高危害3个区域(T1,T2和T3)。整合新的中国木材腐朽危害等级区域划分图和中国木材白蚁危害等级区域划分图,将中国划分为木材腐朽及白蚁低、中、高和严重危害区4个木材腐朽及白蚁危害区域(Z1,Z2,Z3和Z4)。【结论】中国木材腐朽危害区域地图显示:低危害区域与中危害区域界限和中危害区域与高危害区域界限的中东部向北移动,木材白蚁危害的低危害区域与中危害区域的界限东部地区也向北移动。木材腐朽和白蚁危害区域划分界限向北移动,说明气候变暖加剧木材腐朽和白蚁蛀蚀的危害,户外木材使用应采取更严格的保护措施。

【Objective 】In the context of the global warming,the annual mean surface temperature in China has significantly increased during the past 100 years,being with slightly greater magnitude of temperature increase than that of the globe. The Scheffer index,a parameter calculated with basic climate data on monthly temperature and rainfall,has been proved to be a reasonably useful tool to predict the effects of continent-wide variations in climate on the potential for wood decay. This paper investigated the changes of the Scheffer index value from new 10-year climate data in China,to estimate the climate warming impact on the wood decay and termites hazard zone classifications in China. 【Method】The Scheffer index values were calculated with two group climate data（ mean monthly temperature and number of days in month with at least 0. 1 mm of precipitation） from 2004 to 2013 by 194 reference stations and automatic meteorological observation stations in China,compared with the values from 1996 to 2005. The new China wood decay hazard map based on these updated Scheffer index values was taken. According to the termite species and the damage degree on wood,the China termite hazard zones map was drawn.【Result】The new Scheffer index values of 149 sites out of 194 sites are higherthan the published values,except for lower values in 36 sites and remaining unchanged in 9 sites nationwide. The new China wood decay hazard map based on these updated Scheffer index values in this paper showed that the boundaries of decay hazard classifications moved northward. According to the termite species and the damage degree on wood,the China termite hazard zones were divided into low,medium,and high categories. Reticulitermes spp. found at Gongzhuling,Jilin Province rewrote the northern boundary of termite distribution. The integrated of wood decay zones map and termite hazard zones map proposed for four wood decay and termite hazard zones,including low,medium,high and severe zones.【Conclusion】Such changes in climate data were consistent with the scientific consensus that the global climate has been changing. The increased decay index values for most of China meteorological stations and the northward moved boundaries of wood decay and termite hazard classification zones suggest that protect measures for wood against decay and termite should be improved.