家长参与:概念框架与测量指标

Parent Involvement:Conceptual Framework and Measurement Indicators

家长参与对孩子学业成就的影响这一话题,近三十年来受到了研究者们的高度关注,并开展了大量的理论与实证研究。对于家长参与"是什么"的问题,主要有以下三种回答:一是家长和学校为了一致的目标,协同、交互的过程;二是家长在促进孩子发展过程中所承担的不同角色;三是一系列具体的家长行为、期望和观念。从实证研究文献中可以发现,研究者们普遍关注的家长参与指标包括:参加学校活动、做学校志愿者、进行家校沟通、家长期望、家庭督导、家庭学习、家庭规范等。在已有研究的基础上,结合我国的实际,家长参与可以界定为为了儿童的学习与发展,父母或儿童的监护人与儿童以及参与儿童教育的组织和相关人员之间的互动。基于这一概念,家长参与的指标框架得以形成。

In recent thirty years, researchers have paid high attention to the topic on the parent involvementJs influence on children＇s academic achievement, meanwhile a plen- ty of theoretical and empirical researches have been carried out. On what is parent involve- ment, there are mainly three answers as followings：parent involvement is the collaborative and interactive process that parents and schools work for the same goal; parent involvement are different roles that parents play during the process of promoting children＇s development; parent involvement are a series of parental behaviors, expectations and concepts. From the literature of empirical researches, we found that participating school activities, being school volunteers, family- school communication, parents expectations, family supervision, home study, family rules and so on are parent involvement indicators that are generally concerned by researchers. Based on the existing researches and combining our country＇s actual situa- tion, we define the parent involvement as the interactions among parents or children＇s guardians, children, children＇s educational organizations and related personnel for chil- dren＇s study and development. Based on this concept, the framework of parent involvement indicators is put forward.