基于渗漏池法研究施肥对东北中部雨养区玉米氮素地下淋溶的影响

Study of the Influence of Fertilization on Nitrogen Leaching Underground in Northeast Central Raining Area by Percolating Pools

2010—2013年，对东北玉米土壤氮素地下淋溶年际发生规律和氮排放强度进行研究。结果表明，淋溶年平均发生7—8次，受降雨影响较大，其中6月和7月的淋溶次数占全年的2／3。农田氮素淋溶排放强度年际间差异较大，最高值与最低值差8倍左右，农田本底（不施肥）流失量平均为5kg／hm2，各施肥处理在4．53—7．17kg／hm2，农田本底氮素流失70％以上，整体来看，北方农区氮素的地下淋溶强度不高，约占施氮量的5％左右，受降雨、施肥、土壤类型等综合因素的影响。

Research had been conducted on the inter-annual occurrence law of the nitrogen underground leaching and nitrogen emission intensity in the northeastern corn soil during the period of 2010-2013. The results indicated that leaching occurred 7-8 times annually on average, influenced by the rainfall to a relative large degree, of which leaching occurred in June and July accounted for two-thirds that of the whole year＇ s. The farmland nitrogen emission intensity was of a relatively great inter-annual difference, with about eight times of gap between the highest and lowest value; the farmland background loss was 5 kg/ha on average, fertilization controlled within 4.53-7.17 kg/ha; the farmland background nitrogen loss accounted for over 70% of the total loss. Nitrogen underground leaching is not high as a whole in the northern agricultural area, about 5% of the fertilized nitrogen amount, and was a comprehensive result affected by the rainfall, fertilization, soil type and other factors.