中国物流业发展的驱动因素及其动力来源——基于劳动力投入的视角

The Power Source and Factors Driving the Development of China in Logistics Industry—Based on the Perspective of Labor Input

中国物流业的发展不仅受外部经济发展、地区政策差异等因素的影响,最主要取决于内部因素的驱动。文章基于时间和空间维度,应用LMDI指数分解法和重力模型将物流业劳动力投入分解为劳动规模效应、劳动效率效应和劳动力地区结构效应。研究发现:东部和中部地区物流业发展的主要内在驱动因素为劳动效率的提升,属于集约型发展方式;而西部地区主要依赖于劳动规模扩张,属于粗放型发展方式。且劳动效率提升是中国区域物流业发展重心变化的主要驱动因素;劳动效率差距缩小是东中部地区物流业发展收敛性的主要原因;东西部地区物流业发展处于发散状态主要归因于劳动效率差距的扩大化。此外,通过建立提升物流业劳动效率的Tobit动力因素模型,研究发现:推动东中西部地区物流业劳动效率提升的动力因素具有差异性。表现在技术水平对劳动效率的推动作用从东部向西部逐渐递减,尤以东西部地区具有显著差距,说明我国物流业在产业转移中可能存在"技术转移塌陷"的现象;而东西部地区劳动工资的推动作用低于全国水平,可以推断东西部可能存在劳动工资分配失衡的现象,从而抑制了劳动者积极性,最终未能对劳动效率提升产生较高推动作用。

The development of China＇s logistics industry is not only affected by the external factors including economic development and the difference of regional policy etc. , and it mainly depends on the driving force of the internal factors. Based on the dimension of time and space, the article decomposes the logistics industry labor input into labor scale effect, effect of labor efficiency and labor structure effect with LMDI decomposition method and the gravity model. The study reveal that the main internal driving factors of the logistics industry development in eastern and central regions is labor productivity, which belongs to the intensive development mode; in western region it mainly depends on the labor scale expansion, which belongs to the extensive development mode. Labor productivity increase is the main driving factor of gravity changes of China＇s regional logistics center; and the narrowed labor efficiency gap is a major cause of the convergence of logistics industry development in eastern and central region. Eastern and western regional logistics industry development is in the divergent state which mainly attributes to the expansion of labor efficiency gap. In addition, through the establishment of Tobit dynamic factor model to improve labor efficiency of the logistics industry, we find that the driving factors to improve the labor efficiency of the logistics industry in eastern and western region are different. It is demonstrated by the driving effect of technological levels on labor efficiency which decreases progressively from the eastern region to the western region and the difference in eastern and western regions are much more obvious in particular, which indicate that there might be phenomenon of ＂technology transfer failure＂ in the process of technology transfer in logistics industry; the driving function of the labor wages in eastern and western regions are below the national level and it indicates that there might be imbalance of the labor wages distribution in the eastern and western regions, which restrains the enthusiasm of workers and fails to have greater driving function on the increase of labor efficiency.